Insertion anatomy of the pectoralis major tendon

Jagiasi, Jairam; Valavi, Anisha S.; Ubale, Tushar V; Sahu, Dipit

doi:10.1016/j.jcot.2019.01.005

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The innervation to the PM is via the medial and lateral pectoral nerves, which arise from the medial and lateral cords of the brachial plexus, respectively 96,98 . Beheiry studied the innervation to the PM in 30 cadaveric thoraxes and found that the lateral pectoral nerve contributed the majority of the innervation 98 .…”

Section: Pm Muscle Anatomy and Tear Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The tendon length is longer on the posterior surface compared with the anterior surface. The 2 tendons are usually contiguous inferiorly but can be separated superiorly and more medially, and they unite to form a common tendon that inserts onto the lateral lip of the intertubercular groove 10,[90][91][92][93][94][95][96] . Only a small number of cadaveric studies have reported PM tendon dimensions, which are found to be highly variable 93,96,97 .…”

Section: Pm Muscle Anatomy and Tear Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 2 tendons are usually contiguous inferiorly but can be separated superiorly and more medially, and they unite to form a common tendon that inserts onto the lateral lip of the intertubercular groove 10,[90][91][92][93][94][95][96] . Only a small number of cadaveric studies have reported PM tendon dimensions, which are found to be highly variable 93,96,97 . The width of the insertional footprint has been reported to range between 46 and 77 mm 93,96,97 .…”

Section: Pm Muscle Anatomy and Tear Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only a small number of cadaveric studies have reported PM tendon dimensions, which are found to be highly variable 93,96,97 . The width of the insertional footprint has been reported to range between 46 and 77 mm 93,96,97 .…”

Section: Pm Muscle Anatomy and Tear Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pectoralis Major Tendon Tear

Magone

Ben-Ari

Gyftopoulos³

et al. 2021

JBJS Reviews

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Pectoralis major (PM) tendon tears are predominantly seen in young men, and the majority of tears occur as tendon avulsions involving the sternal head. Weightlifting, specifically bench-pressing, and sporting activities with eccentric overloading of the PM tendon are the 2 most common activities that result in PM injury.Early surgical repair or reconstruction should be offered to younger, active patients with a complete PM tear; the majority of the patients undergoing surgical repair achieve good-to-excellent outcomes.Nonsurgical treatment of a complete PM tear is an option but will result in cosmetic deformity and a deficit in adduction strength of the arm. Outcomes after nonsurgical treatment of complete PM tears are less satisfactory than those obtained after surgical treatment.Currently, there is no consensus on the chronological definition of PM tears (acute versus chronic), the critical time limit for performing surgical repair, the ideal fixation device (cortical button, bone tunnel, or suture anchors), the indications for allograft use, and the ideal rehabilitation protocol after treatment of PM tears.

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Section: Pm Muscle Anatomy and Tear Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pm Muscle Anatomy and Tear Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pm Muscle Anatomy and Tear Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pm Muscle Anatomy and Tear Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Pectoralis Major Tendon Tear

Magone

Ben-Ari

Gyftopoulos³

et al. 2021

JBJS Reviews

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“… 1 , 18 , 19 These heads converge into a tendon distal to the axilla, inserting on the lateral lip of the bicipital groove. 20 , 21 , 22 The PM has a large insertional footprint, which is typically 63 to 68 mm in length from proximal to distal. 20 For National Football League (NFL) athletes, the PM is essential to ensure full athletic potential, functioning as a powerful adductor, internal rotator, and flexor of the humerus, providing strength and range of motion to meet the competition demands of multiple positions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance and Survivorship of National Football League Players with Pectoralis Major Injuries

Bodendorfer¹,

DeFroda²,

Shu

et al. 2021

Arthroscopy, Sports Medicine, and Rehabilitation

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The purpose of this study was to determine return-to-play (RTP), performance and career survivorship for National Football League (NFL) athletes sustaining pectoralis major (PM) injuries with comparison among grades of injury and between nonoperative and operative management. Methods: Publicly available data from the 1998e2020 NFL seasons were reviewed to identify athletes with PM injuries. Athlete characteristics were collected 1 season before and 2 seasons after injury. Percent of total games played in a season, player efficiency rating (PER), and Pro Football Focus (PFF) grades were compared for the preinjury season and 2 postinjury seasons. Kaplan-Meier survivorship plots were computed for RTP and postinjury career length, whereas a log-rank test was used to compare survivorship differences. Results: In total, 258 PM injuries were reported at a mean age of 27.1 AE 3.3 years. A total of 126 surgical repairs occurred in 48.8% (n ¼ 126) of injuries, with athletes undergoing repair possessing a lower RTP rate and longer time to RTP compared to athletes treated conservatively (P < .001). Survival analysis revealed shorter career length for athletes sustaining PM tears compared to strains (P < .001), although no difference in career length was appreciated on the basis of injury management (P ¼ .980). Defensive linemen and wide receivers had lower PER during their second postinjury seasons (P ¼ .019 and .030, respectively), whereas defensive linemen had lower PFF grades during their second post-injury seasons (P ¼ .044). Conclusion: NFL athletes requiring PM repair may experience a lower likelihood of RTP, and longer RTP timing, likely because of higher-grade injuries. Defensive linemen and wide receivers experiencing PM injuries are at risk for diminished performance post-injury. Career length does not appear to be affected based on injury management. Level of Evidence: Level III, cohort study. P ectoralis major (PM) injuries are uncommon injuries that generally occur during weightlifting when an eccentric load is placed on the arm with the shoulder in extension, abduction, and external rotation. 1,2 A subset of PM injuries has been reported during sports competition, such as American football. 1,[3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] Recent evidence supports repair over nonoperative management for complete PM tears, with operatively treated patients demonstrating superior functional outcomes, strength, and cosmesis when compared to those treated conservatively. 1,2,4,[14][15][16][17] However, there remains a role for nonoperative management and physical therapy for athletes with lower grade PM strains and partial tears; however, comparative studies are lacking. 1,15,16 The PM muscle is a fan-shaped muscle over the anterior thorax with 2 distinct heads: a sternocostal head and clavicular head. 1,18,19 The sternocostal head arises from the sternum and ribs and the clavicular head arises from the proximal half of the clavicle. 1,18,19 These heads converge into a tendon distal to the axilla, From Midwest Orthopaedics a...

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