This chapter examines how the fragmentation of the international trading system (declining adherence to norms and rules, geopolitics, and the weaponization of trade) has affected different actors involved in EU trade policy. It finds that most Member States and the Commission straddle an Atlanticist and Europeanist approach. The former entails working closely with amenable American administrations; Europeanist means coordinating and cooperating with allies whenever possible, while also establishing autonomous capabilities to act alone when necessary, as part of strategic autonomy. Although some political parties prefer a nationalist approach (impermissible under current treaties), the Europeanist approach is gaining strength, and Europe’s alignment with and reliance on the US cannot be taken for granted.