Insight into Decolorization Characteristics of a Green Biocomposite Sorbent System Prepared by Immobilization of Fungal Cells on Lignocellulosic Matrix: Box-Behnken Design
“…Anionic RY2 molecules can thus readily interact with surfaces of positively charged biomaterial. These findings are also in line with the earlier studies that used pH-responsive biomaterials to decolorize reactive dye-contaminated solutions (Akar and Celik 2011 , Iqbal and Saeed 2007 , Sayin 2022 ). Fig.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 91%
“…The observed pattern could be attributed to the initial availability of fresh ZM@GFC, which led to greater biosorption, followed by 50% breakthrough (195 min) and exhaustion ( C f = 0.9 C in ) time (520 min). When the saturation capacity values in the recent studies using a biosorption fixed-bed column design are compared, it is clear that ZM@GFC (537.32 mg g −1 ) could effectively remove reactive dye from wastewater; sewage-sludge-based biochar, 42.30 mg g −1 (Al-Mahbashi et al 2022 ); sulfuric acid activated red mud, 106 mg g −1 (Mavinkattimath et al 2023 ), Thamnidium elegans immobilized on Phragmites australis , 104.58 mg g −1 (Sayin 2022 ); Neurospora sitophila immobilized Platanus orientalis leaf, 50.09 mg g −1 (Celik et al 2021 ); and chitosan-oxalic acid-biochar composite, 160 mg g −1 (Doondani et al 2022 ).…”
Biosorptive treatment with microbial biomass is regarded as an environmentally friendly and effective way to reduce dye contamination in contaminated aquatic environments. Immobilizing microbial cells for use in this process can significantly improve their effectiveness as biosorbents in the water treatment process. The current investigation searches for a sustainable and environmentally friendly approach to decolorization by employing a green biocomposite material sorbent system (ZM@GFC) created by immobilizing fungal cells (Gibberella fujikuroi) on maize tassel tissues to efficiently remove Reactive Yellow 2 (RY2) from contaminated water sources. Batch and dynamic flow tests were performed to evaluate the biodecolorization properties of the newly created immobilized biomaterial as well as the effects of several essential operating conditions factors on the sorption behavior. Biosorption yields of 95.7% and 90.0% in batch and dynamic modes were achieved for experimental dye decolorization. The biosorption of RY2 by ZM@GFC occurred fast and achieved equilibrium within 60 min. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model elucidated the dye biosorption onto ZM@GFC. The Langmuir model provided a more accurate representation of the results than the Freundlich model. At the same time, Redlich-Peterson isotherm demonstrated the best level of agreement with the experimental data. These findings indicate that the biosorption mechanism predominantly involved the formation of a monolayer covering and that the energy properties of the ZM@GFC surface were uniform. The breakthrough capacity at the exhaustion time was 537.32 mg g−1. The predicted cost of generating ZM@GFC was anticipated to be 61.03 USD/kg. The investigations on safe disposal demonstrated that the biosorption process did not generate any secondary pollution. In conclusion, using maize tassel tissue as an immobilized decolorization agent offers a possible method for removing reactive azo dye pollutants from the aquatic medium that is both economical and environmentally benign.
“…Anionic RY2 molecules can thus readily interact with surfaces of positively charged biomaterial. These findings are also in line with the earlier studies that used pH-responsive biomaterials to decolorize reactive dye-contaminated solutions (Akar and Celik 2011 , Iqbal and Saeed 2007 , Sayin 2022 ). Fig.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 91%
“…The observed pattern could be attributed to the initial availability of fresh ZM@GFC, which led to greater biosorption, followed by 50% breakthrough (195 min) and exhaustion ( C f = 0.9 C in ) time (520 min). When the saturation capacity values in the recent studies using a biosorption fixed-bed column design are compared, it is clear that ZM@GFC (537.32 mg g −1 ) could effectively remove reactive dye from wastewater; sewage-sludge-based biochar, 42.30 mg g −1 (Al-Mahbashi et al 2022 ); sulfuric acid activated red mud, 106 mg g −1 (Mavinkattimath et al 2023 ), Thamnidium elegans immobilized on Phragmites australis , 104.58 mg g −1 (Sayin 2022 ); Neurospora sitophila immobilized Platanus orientalis leaf, 50.09 mg g −1 (Celik et al 2021 ); and chitosan-oxalic acid-biochar composite, 160 mg g −1 (Doondani et al 2022 ).…”
Biosorptive treatment with microbial biomass is regarded as an environmentally friendly and effective way to reduce dye contamination in contaminated aquatic environments. Immobilizing microbial cells for use in this process can significantly improve their effectiveness as biosorbents in the water treatment process. The current investigation searches for a sustainable and environmentally friendly approach to decolorization by employing a green biocomposite material sorbent system (ZM@GFC) created by immobilizing fungal cells (Gibberella fujikuroi) on maize tassel tissues to efficiently remove Reactive Yellow 2 (RY2) from contaminated water sources. Batch and dynamic flow tests were performed to evaluate the biodecolorization properties of the newly created immobilized biomaterial as well as the effects of several essential operating conditions factors on the sorption behavior. Biosorption yields of 95.7% and 90.0% in batch and dynamic modes were achieved for experimental dye decolorization. The biosorption of RY2 by ZM@GFC occurred fast and achieved equilibrium within 60 min. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model elucidated the dye biosorption onto ZM@GFC. The Langmuir model provided a more accurate representation of the results than the Freundlich model. At the same time, Redlich-Peterson isotherm demonstrated the best level of agreement with the experimental data. These findings indicate that the biosorption mechanism predominantly involved the formation of a monolayer covering and that the energy properties of the ZM@GFC surface were uniform. The breakthrough capacity at the exhaustion time was 537.32 mg g−1. The predicted cost of generating ZM@GFC was anticipated to be 61.03 USD/kg. The investigations on safe disposal demonstrated that the biosorption process did not generate any secondary pollution. In conclusion, using maize tassel tissue as an immobilized decolorization agent offers a possible method for removing reactive azo dye pollutants from the aquatic medium that is both economical and environmentally benign.
“…Costa et al investigated the use of brewery-spent grains as a biosorbent for the removal of Reactive Blue 5 G dye in batch and continuous flow systems, obtaining a dye removal of 94.5% and optimum results in continuous systems with 4 g biosorbent and a flow rate of 2 mL/min [ 28 ]. Sayin (2022) investigated a biosorbent obtained by immobilizing Thamnidium elegans (fungi) on Phragmites australis with a biosorption yield of 96.51% and saturation biosorption capacities in the column mode of 104.58 in a Reactive Blue 49 dye solution and 70.98 mg/g in real wastewater samples [ 6 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Its removal is difficult due to its distinctive characteristics (e.g., aromatic ring structure, nonbiodegradability, and high heat and light stability) [2,5]. Thus, improving water quality and treating dye contamination in aquatic systems are crucial issues in environmental technologies [6,7].…”
The use of residual microbial biomass from various industries in emerging pollutant removal strategies represents a new area of research in the field. In this case, we examined how to remove reactive dyes from an aqueous solution utilizing a biosorbent made of residual biomass from immobilized Saccharomyces pastorianus (S. pastorianus) in a polymer matrix using a dynamic system. Fluidized bed column biosorption investigations were carried out on a laboratory scale. Brilliant Red HE-3B was chosen as the target molecule. The main parameters considered for this purpose were the flow rate (4.0 mL/min; 6.1 mL/min), initial pollutant concentration (51.2 mg/L; 77.84 mg/L), and biosorbent mass (16 g; 20 g). The experimental data of the fluidized bed study were evaluated by mathematical modeling. The Yoon–Nelson, Bohart–Adams, Clark, and Yan models were investigated for an appropriate correlation with the experimental data. An acceptable fit was obtained for a flow rate of 4 mL/min, an initial pollutant concentration of 51.2 mg/L, and a biosorbent amount of 20 g. The obtained results indicate that the biosorbent can be used efficiently in a dynamic system both for the removal of the studied dye and in extended operations with a continuous flow of wastewater. As a conclusion, the investigated biocomposite material can be considered a viable biosorbent for testing in the removal of reactive dyes from aqueous environments and creates the necessary conditions for the extension of studies toward the application of these types of biosorbents in the treatment of industrial effluents loaded with organic dyes.
“…Therefore, reliable techniques are essential for the effective removal of these organic dyes from various contaminated surface waters [3]. For this purpose, various physical, chemical, and bioremediation methods have been developed, including ultrafiltration [4], coagulation [5], adsorption [6], photocatalytic degradation [7], and biodegradation [8]. Among these methods, the adsorption procedure has been presented as a more cost-effective and efficient approach for the treatment of organic dyes since many current treatment strategies are quite expensive and generate by-products [9].…”
Activated carbon produced from olive pits (OPAC) is a low-cost adsorbent that removes methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions. OPAC was characterized using FTIR and SEM analysis. The response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) approaches have been combined to optimize and model the adsorption MB. To assess the optimal conditions for MB adsorption, RSM was initially applied using four controllable operating parameters. Throughout the optimization process, varying levels of independent variables were employed, including initial dye concentration ranging from 25 to 125 mg/L, adsorbent dosage ranging from 0.1 to 0.9 g/L, pH values spanning from 1 to 9, and contact times ranging from 15 to 75 min. Moreover, the R2 value (R2 = 0.9804) indicates that the regression can effectively forecast the response within the examined range of the adsorption process. This research showcases the capability of optimizing and predicting the colour removal process through the combined RSM-ANN approach. It highlights the effectiveness of adsorption on OPAC as a viable primary treatment method for the removal of colour from wastewater containing dyes.
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