Insight into droplet formation in electroslag remelting process by numerical simulation

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Modified M2 High‐Speed Steel by Adding La2O3 in the Electroslag Casting Process

“…In the process of electroslag remelting, the temperature of slag bath can reach 1600–1770 °C, [ 17 ] and the thermodynamic simulation software HSC‐chemistry shows that ranges from 1263.046 to 1214.106 kJ mol −1 in this temperature range.…”

“…The concentration of O in melt steel is 0.25 ×10 −6 –0.48 × 10 −6 . [ 17 ] By multiplying it with the calculated [ 18 ] activity coefficient of O, [ 19,20 ] the activity of O turns to be = 0.432 × 10 −7 –0.102 × 10 −6 . The concentration of La measured to be 0.015 wt.% by the method of inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS), and the La activity was deduced to be about = 3 × 10 −6 according to ref.…”

Adaptive Mesh Refinement Method for Speeding Up Numerical Simulation of Electroslag Remelting Process

“…As the minimum size of the droplet is 0.5 mm, the uniform mesh size of 0.25 mm was required to efficiently track the droplet profile in our previous reports (Figure 3a). [8] The mesh of the AMR method shown in Figure 3b, is dynamically refined around the phase interface and coarsened as the distance from the interface increases. The phase fraction, α s , is constant in metal or slag phase (0 for metal and 1 for steel), and varies from 0 to 1 at the metal-slag interface, i.e., the phase fraction changes fast at the phase interface.…”

“…The verification of the latter, i.e., the droplet profile is validated and corresponding results, have been published in our previous work. [8] Herein, the experimental reports from Zhilin et al [44] is selected as a benchmark for the coupling effect of the magnetic field and fluid flow. In the experiment, liquid mercury was placed in a cylindrical container, and the lateral wall of the container was insulated.…”

“…[5] During the formation and falling of metal droplets, metallurgical reactions take place at the slag/metal interface, i.e., droplet profile, where the nonmetallic inclusions and impurity elements are removed. [6][7][8] Thus, the investigation of the metal droplet profile is important for further studying the physical and chemical phenomena in ESR process. However, experimental observation of the droplets during ESR process is extremely challenging because of the ultrahigh processing temperature (>2000 K) and opaque properties of materials and setups.…”