Insight into progress in pre-treatment of lignocellulosic biomass

Bhutto, Abdul Waheed; Qureshi, Khadija; Harijan, Khanji; Abro, Rashid; Abbas, Tauqeer; Bazmi, Aqeel Ahmed; Karim, Sadia; Yu, Guangren

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2017.01.005

Cited by 298 publications

(128 citation statements)

References 191 publications

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“…The addition of methanol at the initial pulping stage enhances chemical penetration into the woody chips by increasing the solubility of lignin, subsequently, producing a uniform (homogeneous) chemical performance in the cooking time and also suppresses the dissociation of the inorganic pulping chemicals. The trapped air from the woody cells could be removed by raising the pressure of the digester, thus accelerating the penetration of chemicals into the wood cells [44,45].…”

Section: Effect Of Methanol Additionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alkaline Sulfite Anthraquinone and Methanol (ASAM) Pulping Process of Tropical Bamboo (Gigantochloa scortechinii)

Paridah¹,

Moradbak²,

Mohamed³

et al. 2018

Bamboo - Current and Future Prospects

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This chapter explores the characteristic potentials of alkaline sulfite anthraquinone and methanol (ASAM) pulping of bamboo culms (Gigantochloa scortechinii) in the industrial production of pulp and paper for packaging. The biometric characterization results of the bamboo culms show that bamboo has fiber length of 1980-4000 μm, Runkel ratio of 0.86, and flexibility ratio of 50.19, while the chemical compositions of the bamboo contain 47.67% cellulose, 68.33% holocellulose, 26% lignin, and 3.69% solvent extractive, which give good paper quality fiber and also falls within the range of wood from softwoods species. The study revealed that the optimum ASAM pulping parameters was at 16% NaOH and 90 min cooking time, resulting in Kappa number of 14.17 and pulp yield of 49.06%, while the paper tensile index of 20.86 Nm/g, tear index of 22.64 mN.m2/g, and brightness of 39.32% were obtained. The biometric and chemical characterizations of the ASAM pulped bamboo have shown that ASAM pulped bamboo produces high-quality pulp and paper suitable for packaging and printing paper. Hence, the use of bamboo materials can reduce the burden on the forest, due to the increasing demand for paper and paper products, while supporting the natural biodiversity.

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Section: Effect Of Methanol Additionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alkaline Sulfite Anthraquinone and Methanol (ASAM) Pulping Process of Tropical Bamboo (Gigantochloa scortechinii)

Paridah¹,

Moradbak²,

Mohamed³

et al. 2018

Bamboo - Current and Future Prospects

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“…In order to increase the overall process efficiency, it is necessary to break down the lignin and hemicellulose seal in order to make cellulose more accessible for further processing [1]. Therefore, pretreatment is an essential step before the step involving hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass into sugars [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Efficiency of Nitrogen and Flue Gas as Operating Gases in Explosive Decompression Pretreatment

2018

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As the pretreatment process is the most expensive and energy-consuming step in the overall second generation bioethanol production process, it is vital that it is studied and optimized in order to be able to develop the most efficient production process. The aim of this paper was to investigate chemical and physical changes in biomass during the process of applying the explosive decompression pretreatment method using two different gases-N 2 and synthetic flue gas. The explosive decompression method is economically and environmentally attractive since no chemicals are used-rather it is pressure that is applied-and water is used to break down the biomass structure. Both pre-treatment methods were used at different temperatures. To be able to compare the effects of the pretreatment, samples from different process steps were gathered together and analysed. The results were used to assess the efficiency of the pretreatment, the chemical and physical changes in the biomass and, finally, the mass balances were compiled for the process during the different process steps of bioethanol production. The results showed that both pre-treatment methods are effective in hemicellulose dissolution, while the cellulose content decreases to a smaller degree. The high glucose and ethanol yields were gained with both explosive pretreatment methods at 175 • C (15.2-16.0 g glucose and 5.6-9.0 g ethanol per 100 g of dry biomass, respectively).

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“…Due to the recalcitrance of LCB, a costly pretreatment step is required, which is the main technological bottleneck of 2G bioethanol production. The release of enzymatic and fermentation inhibitors during pretreatment is another limitation [9].Pulp and paper mills have the infrastructures and logistics to handle LCB, and chemical mills employ technology required for LCB fractionation and conversion [10]. Bioethanol has been produced from different feedstocks such as Kraft pulp, spent sulfite liquor, and pulp and paper sludge [11].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Ethanol Production from Hydrolyzed Kraft Pulp by Mono- and Co-Cultures of Yeasts: The Challenge of C6 and C5 Sugars Consumption

et al. 2020

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Second-generation bioethanol production's main bottleneck is the need for a costly and technically difficult pretreatment due to the recalcitrance of lignocellulosic biomass (LCB). Chemical pulping can be considered as a LCB pretreatment since it removes lignin and targets hemicelluloses to some extent. Chemical pulps could be used to produce ethanol. The present study aimed to investigate the batch ethanol production from unbleached Kraft pulp of Eucalyptus globulus by separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF). Enzymatic hydrolysis of the pulp resulted in a glucose yield of 96.1 ± 3.6% and a xylose yield of 94.0 ± 7.1%. In an Erlenmeyer flask, fermentation of the hydrolysate using Saccharomyces cerevisiae showed better results than Scheffersomyces stipitis. At both the Erlenmeyer flask and bioreactor scale, co-cultures of S. cerevisiae and S. stipitis did not show significant improvements in the fermentation performance. The best result was provided by S. cerevisiae alone in a bioreactor, which fermented the Kraft pulp hydrolysate with an ethanol yield of 0.433 g·g −1 and a volumetric ethanol productivity of 0.733 g·L −1 ·h −1 , and a maximum ethanol concentration of 19.24 g·L −1 was attained. Bioethanol production using the SHF of unbleached Kraft pulp of E. globulus provides a high yield and productivity.Energies 2020, 13, 744 2 of 15 sustainability, has a low and stable price, and practically does not demand extra land [6,7]. There are some facilities producing 2G bioethanol on a commercial scale. However, large-scale production still faces some technological barriers that must be overcome in order to achieve a cost-competitive production [8]. Due to the recalcitrance of LCB, a costly pretreatment step is required, which is the main technological bottleneck of 2G bioethanol production. The release of enzymatic and fermentation inhibitors during pretreatment is another limitation [9].Pulp and paper mills have the infrastructures and logistics to handle LCB, and chemical mills employ technology required for LCB fractionation and conversion [10]. Bioethanol has been produced from different feedstocks such as Kraft pulp, spent sulfite liquor, and pulp and paper sludge [11]. Chemical pulping processes can be considered as a LCB pretreatment since they promote delignification and target hemicelluloses to some degree [12]. Chemical pulping represents about 77% of the virgin pulps produced globally, and more than 95% of these chemical pulps are Kraft pulps [13]. These pulps are produced by Kraft pulping involving the reaction of white liquor, i.e., an alkaline aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and sodium sulfide with a pH of 14, with lignin at high temperature (150-170 • C). This reaction promotes lignin breakdown and degradation with the release of phenolic fragments, removing almost 90% of the lignin from the wood. Kraft pulping also leads to hemicelluloses and some cellulose loss and decreases the degree of polymerization of cellulose [14]. The utilization of Kraft pulping as a pretreatment method for LCB has ...

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Insight into progress in pre-treatment of lignocellulosic biomass

Cited by 298 publications

References 191 publications

Alkaline Sulfite Anthraquinone and Methanol (ASAM) Pulping Process of Tropical Bamboo (Gigantochloa scortechinii)

Alkaline Sulfite Anthraquinone and Methanol (ASAM) Pulping Process of Tropical Bamboo (Gigantochloa scortechinii)

The Efficiency of Nitrogen and Flue Gas as Operating Gases in Explosive Decompression Pretreatment

Ethanol Production from Hydrolyzed Kraft Pulp by Mono- and Co-Cultures of Yeasts: The Challenge of C6 and C5 Sugars Consumption

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