1
Graphical AbstractSystematic analysis reveals the influence of the aryl substituents upon the formation of supramolecular synthons based on N-H···N and N-H···O hydrogen bonding.
AbstractCrystallography on mono-p-substituted derivatives of 1-(arylamino)-1,2,3-triazole-4-carbohydrazides, 1 (X = H), 2 (F), 3 (Cl) and 4 (Br), and a 2,5-dichloro (5) analogue, shows the molecular structures to be similar. Distinct hydrogen bonding patterns based on N-H···N and N-H···O are observed in their crystal structures with 1, having two independent molecules comprising the asymmetric unit, displaying one pattern, 2 and 5 another, and 3 and 4 yet another.Geometry optimisation calculations indicate any conformational differences in the solid-state do not persist in the gas-phase, and that no influence of the substituents is seen in the geometric parameters. A Natural Population Analysis, for both experimental and optimised structures, shows the charge on the triazole-N3 atom is at a maximum for 1, as opposed to 2-5, an observation correlated with its distinctive packing based around a supramolecular synthon not seen in the other structures. For the molecules having electronegative substituents, Molecular Electrostatic Potentials show the energies of the amine-H4n atoms are reduced for 2 and 5, compared to 3 and 4. A further distinction in 2-5 is indicated by the Hirshfeld surface analysis which highlights the importance of π···π interactions in 2 and 5, i.e. with the more electronegative substituents. Clearly, there is interplay between various factors but all correlated with the influence of the electronegativity of the substituent(s).