“…[14][15][16] As a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), the leaves of I. indigotica have been extensively used for the treatment of hepatitis, influenza, cold, fever, mumps, and other infections. 17 The modern pharmacology research on the leaves of I. indigotica showed their antioxidant, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antileukemic, and antipyretic effects. 18 Previous phytochemical investigations led to the isolation of various bioactive constituents, including alkaloids, especially isatin-based spiro indolenine alkaloids, flavonoids, lignans, and organic acids, 19 which have drawn significant interest due to their rare structural skeleton.…”