Insight into the catalytic transformation of the waste products of some edible oils (corn oil and palm oil) into biodiesel using MgO/clinoptilolite green nanocomposite

Basyouny, Mohamed Gameel; Abukhadra, Mostafa R.; Alkhaledi, Khaled; El-Sherbeeny, Ahmed M.; El-Meligy, Mohammed A.; Soliman, Ahmed T.; Luqman, Monis

doi:10.1016/j.mcat.2020.111340

Cited by 25 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…This significant positive effect of the high temperature values was assigned to the exothermic properties of the transesterification processes. Therefore, the high temperature conditions promote the kinetic energy of the systems and in turn the resulted yields. , Moreover, the high temperature conditions are of significant role in decreasing the immiscibility, viscosity, mass transfer resistance between the different components which enhance the homogenization between them as well as the interaction chances. , Therefore, the best biodiesel yield from SFO was recognized after 85 min at 75 °C as temperature (91.9%).…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Generally, the transesterification process involved reaction between the TGs of the vegetable oils and the used alcohol molecules creating monoesters is the existence of the used catalyst (S-CB) (Figure ). The occurred reaction includes hydrolysis processes for the ester groups between the GR and the fatty acids . This resulted in new types of ester bonds between the alcohol molecules and the fatty acids followed by replacement effect for the present GR by three monohydric alcohols.…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biodiesel and biofuels were addressed strongly as a clean and economic alternative solution for the traditional fuels that suffer from numerous environmental side effects . The toxic emissions of fossil fuels direct the orientation of the researchers for such types of clean and environmental fuels as they are of low emissions (NOx, COx, and BTEX). , Technically, biodiesel is of significant viscosity, lubricity, cetane number, and flash point which qualifies it for direct use in engines or the formation of fuel blends. , Most of the produced biodiesels were derived from green resources (biomass and algae, vegetable-based oil, plant-based oil) and animal fats as series of fatty acid alkyl esters .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sulfonation of Natural Carbonaceous Bentonite as a Low-Cost Acidic Catalyst for Effective Transesterification of Used Sunflower Oil into Diesel; Statistical Modeling and Kinetic Properties

et al. 2021

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Bentonite sample enriched in organic matters (oil shale) was functionalized with −SO3H sulfonated carbonaceous bentonite (S-CB) by sulfonation process as a low-cost and effective acidic catalyst for the transesterification spent sunflower oil (SFO). The sulfonation effect was followed by several analytic techniques including X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, and scanning electron microscopy analysis. The catalytic performance of the sulfonated product was evaluated based on a statistical design which was built according to the response surface methodology and the central composite rotatable design. Using the S-CB acidic catalyst in the transesterification of spent SFO resulted in an actual biodiesel yield of 96% at studied conditions of 85 min at reaction interval, 50 °C as temperature,15:1 as methanol/oil ratio, and 3.5 wt % as S-CB loading. Moreover, the optimization function suggested enhancement to obtained yield up to 97.9% by selecting the values of temperature at 62 °C, the time at 98.5 min, the methanol/SFO ratio at 14.4:1, and S-CB loading at 3.4 wt %. The technical evaluation of the SFO biodiesel reflected the suitability of the product to be used as biofuels according to international standards. The kinetic behavior of the SFO transesterification reaction over S-CB is of pseudo-first order properties and of low activation energy. Finally, the synthetic S-CB as a solid acidic catalyst is of significant reusability and was reused five times with remarkable biodiesel yields.

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Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sulfonation of Natural Carbonaceous Bentonite as a Low-Cost Acidic Catalyst for Effective Transesterification of Used Sunflower Oil into Diesel; Statistical Modeling and Kinetic Properties

et al. 2021

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“… 4 Our previous study demonstrated the significant role of the green modification of natural clinoptilolite in enhancing its morphology, surface area, reactivity, ion-exchange capacity, adsorption capacity, and environmental value. 29 , 30 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insight into the Loading Properties of Na⁺ Green-Functionalized Clinoptilolite as a Potential Carrier for the 5-Fluorouracil Drug, its Release Kinetics, and Cytotoxicity

et al. 2022

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Herein, natural zeolite (clinoptilolite) was functionalized by Na + ions (G.Na + /Clino) utilizing a green tea extract prepared by a green production method as a potential carrier for the 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) drug with enhanced physicochemical behaviors. The G.Na + /Clino-modified product showed enhanced surface area (312 m 2 /g) and ion-exchange capacity (387 mequiv/100 g). The loading studies reflect high and controlled loading properties of G.Na + /Clino with an actual loading capacity of 291 and 462 mg/g, respectively. The loading reactions of 5-Fu into G.Na + /Clino were of pseudo-second-order kinetics and exhibited Langmuir isotherm properties. This suggested a monolayer and homogeneous loading process by chemical complexation and ion-exchange mechanisms with a Gaussian energy value of 10.47 kJ/mol. Additionally, these reactions were of endothermic and spontaneous nature based on the determined thermodynamic parameters. The release studies demonstrated the 5-Fu release profile for about 150 h at pH 1.2 and for 80 h at pH 7.4. The release reactions had non-Fickian transport properties and were controlled by both erosion and diffusion mechanisms, considering the release kinetic findings and the values of the diffusion exponent (0.42 at pH 1.2 and 0.37 at pH 7.4). The composite showed remarkable biocompatibility based on the measured cell viability and a cytotoxic effect on normal colorectal cells (CCD-18Co). Additionally, the application of G.Na + /Clino as an inorganic carrier for the 5-Fu drug prompted the cytotoxic effect of the drug on colon cancer cell treatment (HCT-116).

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“…The green methods are environmental techniques that involve the application of the liquid extracts of algae, plants, and leaves as capping and reducing reagents during the precipitation of the metals and metal oxides [36]. Moreover, this method resulted in non-agglomerated nanoparticles using an inexpensive technique and low quantities of toxic chemicals [38,39]. The previous studies reported that the existence of ZnO as a component in different composites or supporting it into suitable carrier resulted in innovative hybrid structures with enhanced adsorption and recovery properties [32,36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Characterization of Green ZnO@polynaniline/Bentonite Tripartite Structure (G.Zn@PN/BE) as Adsorbent for As (V) Ions: Integration, Steric, and Energetic Properties

et al. 2022

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A green ZnO@polynaniline/bentonite composite (G.Zn@PN/BE) was synthesized as an enhanced adsorbent for As (V) ions. Its adsorption properties were assessed in comparison with the integrated components of bentonite (BE) and polyaniline/bentonite (PN/BE) composites. The G.Zn@PN/BE composite achieved an As (V) retention capacity (213 mg/g) higher than BE (72.7 mg/g) and PN/BE (119.8 mg/g). The enhanced capacity of G.Zn@PN/BE was studied using classic (Langmuir) and advanced equilibrium (monolayer model of one energy) models. Considering the steric properties, the structure of G.Zn@PN/BE demonstrated a higher density of active sites (Nm = 109.8 (20 °C), 108.9 (30 °C), and 67.8 mg/g (40 °C)) than BE and PN/BE. This declared the effect of the integration process in inducing the retention capacity by increasing the quantities of the active sites. The number of adsorbed As (V) ions per site (1.76 up to 2.13) signifies the retention of two or three ions per site by a multi-ionic mechanism. The adsorption energies (from −3.07 to −3.26 kJ/mol) suggested physical retention mechanisms (hydrogen bonding and dipole bonding forces). The adsorption energy, internal energy, and free enthalpy reflected the exothermic, feasible, and spontaneous nature of the retention process. The structure is of significant As (V) uptake capacity in the existence of competitive anions or metal ions.

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Insight into the catalytic transformation of the waste products of some edible oils (corn oil and palm oil) into biodiesel using MgO/clinoptilolite green nanocomposite

Cited by 25 publications

References 46 publications

Sulfonation of Natural Carbonaceous Bentonite as a Low-Cost Acidic Catalyst for Effective Transesterification of Used Sunflower Oil into Diesel; Statistical Modeling and Kinetic Properties

Sulfonation of Natural Carbonaceous Bentonite as a Low-Cost Acidic Catalyst for Effective Transesterification of Used Sunflower Oil into Diesel; Statistical Modeling and Kinetic Properties

Insight into the Loading Properties of Na⁺ Green-Functionalized Clinoptilolite as a Potential Carrier for the 5-Fluorouracil Drug, its Release Kinetics, and Cytotoxicity

Synthesis and Characterization of Green ZnO@polynaniline/Bentonite Tripartite Structure (G.Zn@PN/BE) as Adsorbent for As (V) Ions: Integration, Steric, and Energetic Properties

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Insight into the catalytic transformation of the waste products of some edible oils (corn oil and palm oil) into biodiesel using MgO/clinoptilolite green nanocomposite

Cited by 25 publications

References 46 publications

Sulfonation of Natural Carbonaceous Bentonite as a Low-Cost Acidic Catalyst for Effective Transesterification of Used Sunflower Oil into Diesel; Statistical Modeling and Kinetic Properties

Sulfonation of Natural Carbonaceous Bentonite as a Low-Cost Acidic Catalyst for Effective Transesterification of Used Sunflower Oil into Diesel; Statistical Modeling and Kinetic Properties

Insight into the Loading Properties of Na+ Green-Functionalized Clinoptilolite as a Potential Carrier for the 5-Fluorouracil Drug, its Release Kinetics, and Cytotoxicity

Synthesis and Characterization of Green ZnO@polynaniline/Bentonite Tripartite Structure (G.Zn@PN/BE) as Adsorbent for As (V) Ions: Integration, Steric, and Energetic Properties

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Insight into the Loading Properties of Na⁺ Green-Functionalized Clinoptilolite as a Potential Carrier for the 5-Fluorouracil Drug, its Release Kinetics, and Cytotoxicity