Insight into the dehydration of high-concentration fructose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in oxygen-containing polar aprotic solvents

Abstract

In this study, 1,4-dioxane and tetrahydrofuran are found to be the most suitable solvents for dehydration of fructose at high concentration, in which 77.7% and 78.8% yields of 5-hydromethylfurfural (5-HMF)...

A green process for separation and recovery of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural from carboxylic acid–choline chloride deep eutectic solvents

“…Excessive fructose is not fully soluble in a DES, and the undissolved fructose could easily polymerize at a higher temperature and cover the surface of the feedstock, reducing the yield of 5-HMF. 4,25 Meanwhile, a high concentration of fructose will generate a high concentration of 5-HMF, which would accelerate the self-polymerization of 5-HMF and the cross-polymerization of 5-HMF and fructose, lowering the yield and selectivity of 5-HMF. 26 The viscosity of the DES can significantly influence the mass transfer efficiency and thus the reaction rate.…”

“…Water is a common solvent, but 5-HMF is easily converted into levulinic acid and formic acid in the water under the reaction conditions. 4,5 Polar organic solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) can dissolve more sugars while effectively inhibiting the side reactions, but it brings difficulties in the separation and purification of 5-HMF products due to its high boiling point. 6,7 Ionic liquids reveal excellent reactivity.…”

Carbon-vacancy engineering approach to g-C3N4 for selective 5-hydroxymethylfurfural oxidation coupled with H2O2 production

“…As we know, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is a valueadded biomass-derived chemical, which can be converted into 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid, furfuryl alcohol, and other important chemicals. [16][17][18][19] Palmisano et al used CN as a photocatalyst to selectively oxidize HMF to generate DFF. However, the efficacy of pure CN was low in the absence of defect-engineered modifications.…”

Sequential extraction and separation of soluble humins from fructose conversion for structural and evolutional understanding

“…To reduce the significant formation of humins, acid-catalyzed fructose conversion can be carried out in a mixed solvent containing water and a polar organic solvent such as acetone, 16 1,4-dioxane (DIO), 17 tetrahydrofuran (THF), 18 and ethanol (EtOH) 19 owing to the role of organic solvents in stabilizing dehydrated intermediates/products and inhibiting the undesirable rehydration of HMF. Among the various solvents, EtOH is a potential alternative solvent considering its low cost, stability, and non-toxicity.…”