Insight into the production of aviation fuel by aldol condensation of biomass-derived aldehydes and ketones followed by hydrogenation

Synthesis of biofuel precursors from benzaldehyde and cyclopentanone via aldehyde–ketone condensation in a deep eutectic solvent system

“…[19][20][21] For example, the bio-jet fuel precursors (C7-C14) derived from BDPC (furfural, butyraldehyde, acetone, and butanone) were produced by A-K condensation using a bifunctional catalyst. 22 The catalysts usually applied in A-K condensation include solid acid catalysts (TiO 2 , zeolites, etc. ), 6,15 homogeneous and heterogeneous basic catalysts (NaOH, Ca(OH) 2 , CaO, and hydrotalcite, etc.…”

“…), 6,15 homogeneous and heterogeneous basic catalysts (NaOH, Ca(OH) 2 , CaO, and hydrotalcite, etc. ), 22,23 and bifunctional catalysts (Sn-MFI, MgF 2−x (OH) x , etc. ), etc.…”

“…However, the solidphase heavy components are primarily formed in A-K condensation process, resulting in the deactivation of most catalysts due to the deposition of the components on the surface of catalysts. 15,22 Furthermore, the actual applications for developing renewable biofuels from BDPC are restricted due to the complex separation, difficult recovery, corrosion of equipment and environmental pollution by effluent of these catalysts. 1,3,22 Thus, the green and high-efficiency catalysts are imperatively desired as a prerequisite for the synthesis of biofuels.…”

“…15,22 Furthermore, the actual applications for developing renewable biofuels from BDPC are restricted due to the complex separation, difficult recovery, corrosion of equipment and environmental pollution by effluent of these catalysts. 1,3,22 Thus, the green and high-efficiency catalysts are imperatively desired as a prerequisite for the synthesis of biofuels.…”

Conversion of acetone and mixed ketones to hydrocarbons using HZSM-5 catalyst in the carboxylate platform

“…Zhengsheng et al . (2022) studied the aldol condensation of aldehydes and ketones followed by hydrogenation to produce aviation-fuel-range hydrocarbons (C9 to C16) [ 16 ]. The reactants were furfural, acetone, butanone, and butyraldehyde using tetrahydrofuran as solvent with a bifunctional catalyst of Ni/Mg and Al-O/activated carbon in a batch reactor.…”