A series of core–shell
catalysts aiming at CO oxidative
coupling to dimethyl oxalate (DMO) were constructed, and effects of
the second metal doping and surface structures on the reaction activity
and favorable reaction path were investigated by using the density
functional theory (DFT) method. Pd13, Al@Pd12, and Ag@Pd12 were first studied to find the proper doping
metal. Our results showed that the activity of CO oxidative coupling
to DMO follows the order of Al@Pd12 > Pd13 >
Ag@Pd12, and the same result was also obtained via the
electronic analysis. In addition, Al6@Pd32 and
Al13@Pd42 catalysts with higher doping ratio
and lower cost than that of Al@Pd12 were selected to examine
the influence of surface structure on the reaction activity. It showed
that CO + CH3O → COOCH3 + CO →
OCCOOCH3 + CH3O → DMO is the favorable
pathway on the (100) surface of Al6@Pd32 catalyst,
while CO + CH3O → CO + CH3O (COOCH3) → COOCH3 + COOCH3 →
DMO is the optimal pathway on the (111) surface of Al@Pd12 and Al13@Pd42, which indicated that the surface
structure of catalysts affected the preferable pathway of DMO formation.
Moreover, activities of CO oxidative coupling to DMO on AlPd core–shell
catalysts followed the order of Al@Pd12 > Al13@Pd42 > Al6@Pd32. In addition,
Al13@Pd42 also exhibited a good selectivity
between
DMO and DMC. Thus, Al13@Pd42 is a proper catalyst
with high activity, high selectivity, and low cost because of high
Al:Pd ratio.