Insight into the Various Synthetic Approaches of 1,3,4 and 1,2,4- Oxadiazole and its Derivatives, along with their Remarkable Biological Activities

Abstract

Oxadiazole is an organic compound featuring a heterocyclic ring housing carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen atoms. Due to their heightened stability in biological environments, oxadiazole rings exhibit significant biological activities, effectively addressing health challenges like infectious diseases and chronic conditions in medicinal chemistry. The main objective of this review is to discuss various synthetic approaches related to oxadiazole and its derivatives, along with their biological activities. The diverse reactivity positions oxadiazole as a valuable building block in organic synthesis, with derivatives exhibiting promising pharmacological activities. It involves a systematic literature review, critical analysis, and synthesis of existing research. This review comprises the everexpanding chemical knowledge but also holds significant implications for drug development. The various synthetic approaches, such as Suzuki-Miyaura, Stille coupling [3+2] cycloaddition reaction, and many more methods used for the synthesis of oxadiazole through different schemes, have been discussed thoroughly. This review also concisely associated the pharmacological activities of new oxadiazole and its derivatives, such as prenoxdiazine, dapagliflozin, nesapidil, pleconaril, and so on. This review highlights the importance of continued research into the structure-activity relationships of oxadiazole derivatives, paving the way for developing novel and more potent therapeutic agents.