Insight into the wear particles of PEEK and CFRPEEK against UHMWPE for artificial cervical disc application: Morphology and immunoreaction

Morphological residual convolutional neural network (M-RCNN) for intelligent recognition of wear particles from artificial joints

“…Those wear particles were isolated and then imaged using scanning electron microscopy (SEM, FEI Quanta 200FEG, Eindhoven, The Netherlands) as presented in Ref. [13]. Prior to the SEM observation, a thin platinum (Pt) layer was coated onto the samples to improve the image quality.…”

“…They indicated that the typical morphologies of wear particles were spherical, block, tear, sheet, rod, and strip. In our previous study [13], we also investigated the wear particles of artificial disc and summarized their representative morphologies as flake-like wear particles, spherical wear particles, aggregated wear particles, rod-like wear particles, and zonal wear particles. Indeed, each type of wear particle contains its specific information about wear processes and wear mechanisms.…”

“…Indeed, each type of wear particle contains its specific information about wear processes and wear mechanisms. For instance, flake-like particles are contributed by abrasive wear and fatigue wear, spherical particles can be attributed to adhesion wear, aggregated particles are the products of several mechanisms, and rod-like and zonal particles are dominated by peeling and fragmentation after fatigue wear [13]. Therefore, finding the correct category of the wear particle not only helps understand the morphology of the particle itself, but also gives the information about wear status and wear mechanisms of the artificial joints [14].…”

“…Based on the wear particles we obtained in our previous work [13] and motivated by the considerations above, in this paper, we propose a morphological residual convolutional neural network (M-RCNN) as an automatic wear particle classification model to tackle the extremely class imbalance problem. Specifically, the morphological priors are extracted using a Canny detector, which then uses them to pick out spherical wear particels by matching them to Houghcircle.…”

Role of tribochemistry reactions of B4C on tribofilm growth at a PEEK–steel interface in simulated body fluids

“…13,14 Besides, the elastic modulus comparable to cortical bone and design exibility taking advantage of 3D printing also may bring PEEK a broad application prospect. [15][16][17] Inert metal is widely employed in joint implants as femoral heads and conjunction parts. A passive layer formed on the inert metal surface serves as a barrier to separate metal under the passive layer from electrolytes.…”