Insight into Tor2, a budding yeast microdomain protein

Bartlett, Katelyn; Kim, Dong Kyu

doi:10.1016/j.ejcb.2014.01.004

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“…In yeast, it exists in two structurally and functionally distinct complexes, namely TORC1 and TORC2. Yeast Tor2 kinase, the main organizer of TORC2, is an important regulator of multiple cellular functions, including cell growth or actin polymerization (Bartlett and Kim, 2014). A genetic screen with yeast showed that a mutation of FAR11, the homolog of STRIP1/2, suppresses lethality of TORC2-deficient mutants.…”

Section: The Yeast Stripak Homolog Counteracts the Torc2 Complexmentioning

confidence: 99%

STRIPAK, a highly conserved signaling complex, controls multiple eukaryotic cellular and developmental processes and is linked with human diseases

Kück

Radchenko

Teichert

2019

Biological Chemistry

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The striatin-interacting phosphatases and kinases (STRIPAK) complex is evolutionary highly conserved and has been structurally and functionally described in diverse lower and higher eukaryotes. In recent years, this complex has been biochemically characterized better and further analyses in different model systems have shown that it is also involved in numerous cellular and developmental processes in eukaryotic organisms. Further recent results have shown that the STRIPAK complex functions as a macromolecular assembly communicating through physical interaction with other conserved signaling protein complexes to constitute larger dynamic protein networks. Here, we will provide a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the architecture, function and regulation of the STRIPAK complex and discuss key issues and future perspectives, linked with human diseases, which may form the basis of further research endeavors in this area. In particular, the investigation of bi-directional interactions between STRIPAK and other signaling pathways should elucidate upstream regulators and downstream targets as fundamental parts of a complex cellular network.

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Section: The Yeast Stripak Homolog Counteracts the Torc2 Complexmentioning

confidence: 99%

STRIPAK, a highly conserved signaling complex, controls multiple eukaryotic cellular and developmental processes and is linked with human diseases

Kück

Radchenko

Teichert

2019

Biological Chemistry

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“…Using budding yeast ( S. cerevisiae ) as the experimental organism, it has been shown by us [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ] and others [ 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ] that TORC2 plays an essential role in sensing the status of the plasma membrane (PM) and controlling the reactions that ensure PM homeostasis. In addition to influencing reactions that affect PM lipid and protein composition, TORC2 action also modulates assembly and function of the actin cytoskeleton and actin-driven endocytosis [ 26 , 32 , 33 , 34 ].…”

Section: Torc2 Structure and Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The TORC2‐Dependent Signaling Network in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

et al. 2017

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To grow, eukaryotic cells must expand by inserting glycerolipids, sphingolipids, sterols, and proteins into their plasma membrane, and maintain the proper levels and bilayer distribution. A fungal cell must coordinate growth with enlargement of its cell wall. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a plasma membrane-localized protein kinase complex, Target of Rapamicin (TOR) complex-2 (TORC2) (mammalian ortholog is mTORC2), serves as a sensor and master regulator of these plasma membrane- and cell wall-associated events by directly phosphorylating and thereby stimulating the activity of two types of effector protein kinases: Ypk1 (mammalian ortholog is SGK1), along with a paralog (Ypk2); and, Pkc1 (mammalian ortholog is PKN2/PRK2). Ypk1 is a central regulator of pathways and processes required for plasma membrane lipid and protein homeostasis, and requires phosphorylation on its T-loop by eisosome-associated protein kinase Pkh1 (mammalian ortholog is PDK1) and a paralog (Pkh2). For cell survival under various stresses, Ypk1 function requires TORC2-mediated phosphorylation at multiple sites near its C terminus. Pkc1 controls diverse processes, especially cell wall synthesis and integrity. Pkc1 is also regulated by Pkh1- and TORC2-dependent phosphorylation, but, in addition, by interaction with Rho1-GTP and lipids phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) and diacylglycerol (DAG). We also describe here what is currently known about the downstream substrates modulated by Ypk1-mediated and Pkc1-mediated phosphorylation.

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“…TORC2 consists of the proteins Tor2, Lst8, Avo1, Avo2, Avo3, and Bit61 (Loewith et al 2002;Wullschleger et al 2005). Tor2, the main organizer of TORC2, is a highly conserved kinase that has proved to be an important regulator of multiple cellular functions including cell growth, actin polymerization, endocytosis, and sphingolipid synthesis (Cybulski and Hall 2009;Bartlett and Kim 2014). Despite significant advancements, the full understanding of the Tor2 signalling networks is incomplete.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

TORC2 and eisosomes are spatially interdependent, requiring optimal level of phosphatidylinositol 4, 5-bisphosphate for their integrity

et al. 2015

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The elucidation of the organization and maintenance of the plasma membrane has been sought due to its numerous roles in cellular function. In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a novel paradigm has begun to emerge in the understanding of the distribution of plasma membrane microdomains and how they are regulated. We aimed to investigate the dynamic interdependence between the protein complexes eisosome and TORC2, representing microdomains MCC and MCT, respectively. In this study, we reveal that the eisosome organizer Pil1 colocalizes with the MCT marker Avo2. Furthermore, we provide evidence that the formation of MCT is dependent on both eisosome integrity and adequate levels of the plasma membrane phosphoinositide PI(4,5)P2. Taken together, our findings indicate that TORC2, eisosomes, and PI(4,5)P2 exist in an interconnected relationship, which supports the emerging model of the plasma membrane.

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Insight into Tor2, a budding yeast microdomain protein

Cited by 11 publications

References 113 publications

STRIPAK, a highly conserved signaling complex, controls multiple eukaryotic cellular and developmental processes and is linked with human diseases

STRIPAK, a highly conserved signaling complex, controls multiple eukaryotic cellular and developmental processes and is linked with human diseases

The TORC2‐Dependent Signaling Network in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

TORC2 and eisosomes are spatially interdependent, requiring optimal level of phosphatidylinositol 4, 5-bisphosphate for their integrity

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