Insights from the supplementary motor area syndrome in balancing movement initiation and inhibition

Potgieser, Adriaan R E; Jong, de Bauke; Wagemakers, Michiel; Hoving, Eelco W.; Groen, Rob J. M.

doi:10.3389/fnhum.2014.00960

Cited by 88 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 162 publications

(217 reference statements)

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“…Insula is functionally connected to the supplementary motor area [28], which plays a crucial role in the planning of movements, and their initiation [29] and in bimanual coordination [30]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced resting state connectivity and gray matter volume correlate with cognitive impairment in minimal hepatic encephalopathy

García‐García¹,

Cruz-Gómez²,

Mangas‐Losada³

et al. 2017

PLoS ONE

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Background and aimsMinimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) is associated with cognitive alterations and changes in connectivity. We assessed the relationship of the abnormalities of resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) and gray matter (GM) volume with different cognitive alterations and biochemical parameters associated to MHE.MethodsThirty-nine cirrhotic patients (26 without and 13 with MHE) and 24 controls were widely cognitive assessed with a battery of psychometric tests. Atrophy was determined using Voxel-Based Morphometry and rs-FC was assessed by independent component analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves was performed to assess the diagnostic utility of rs-FC and GM reduction for the discrimination of patients with and without MHE. Blood ammonia, cGMP, and levels of pro-inflammatory interleukins were measured.ResultsMHE patients showed significant decrease of GM volume and lesser degree of rs-FC in different networks related to attention and executive functions as compared to controls and patients without MHE. There is a progressive reduction in rs-FC in the default mode network with the progression of cognitive impairment. MHE patients showed GM reduction in the right frontal lobe, right insula and right cerebellum compared to patients without MHE. Alterations in GM volume and rs-FC correlated with the scores of different cognitive tests.ConclusionsDecreased cognitive performance is associated by reduced rs-FC and GM atrophy in MHE patients. These changes could have predictive value for detecting MHE.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced resting state connectivity and gray matter volume correlate with cognitive impairment in minimal hepatic encephalopathy

García‐García¹,

Cruz-Gómez²,

Mangas‐Losada³

et al. 2017

PLoS ONE

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“…Depending on the precise location of the lesion and lesion/tumor size, the dysfunction may affect limb movements (Fontaine, Capelle, & Duffau, 2002;Peraud, Meschede, Eisner, Ilmberger, & Reulen, 2002;Russell & Kelly, 2003;Zentner, Hufnagel, Pechstein, Wolf, & Schramm, 1996), or it may be restricted to speech (Krainik et al, 2003;Mendez, 2004aMendez, , 2004bPai, 1999aPai, , 1999b. This constellation of symptoms is termed the "SMA syndrome" (Potgieser, de Jong, Wagemakers, Hoving, & Groen, 2014). However, unlike with lesion to the IFG, in most cases, the disorders are only transient, resolving within weeks to months (Bannur & Rajshekhar, 2000;Laplane et al, 1977;Potgieser et al, 2014), with days to recovery correlated with interhemispheric connectivity between the SMA and the primary motor cortex (Oda, Yamaguchi, Enomoto, Higuchi, & Morita, 2018;M.…”

Section: Functional Associations Of the Left Frontal Aslant Tract In mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This constellation of symptoms is termed the "SMA syndrome" (Potgieser, de Jong, Wagemakers, Hoving, & Groen, 2014). However, unlike with lesion to the IFG, in most cases, the disorders are only transient, resolving within weeks to months (Bannur & Rajshekhar, 2000;Laplane et al, 1977;Potgieser et al, 2014), with days to recovery correlated with interhemispheric connectivity between the SMA and the primary motor cortex (Oda, Yamaguchi, Enomoto, Higuchi, & Morita, 2018;M. Vassal et al, 2017).…”

Section: Functional Associations Of the Left Frontal Aslant Tract In mentioning

confidence: 99%

The frontal aslant tract (FAT) and its role in speech, language and executive function

Dick

Garic

Graziano

et al. 2018

Preprint

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In this review, we examine the structural connectivity of a recently-identified fiber pathway, the frontal aslant tract (FAT), and explore its function. We first review structural connectivity studies using tract-tracing methods in non-human primates, and diffusion-weighted imaging and electrotimulation in humans. These studies suggest a monosynaptic connection exists between the lateral inferior frontal gyrus and the pre-supplementary and supplementary motor areas of the medial superior frontal gyrus. This connection is termed the FAT. We then review research on the left FAT's putative role in supporting speech and language function, with particular focus on speech initiation, stuttering, verbal fluency and language more broadly. Next, we review research on the right FAT's putative role supporting executive function, namely inhibitory control and conflict monitoring. We summarize the extant body of empirical work by suggesting that the FAT plays a domain general role in the planning, timing, and coordination of sequential motor movements, and in the resolution of competition among possible cognitive and motor plans. However, we also propose some domain specialization across the hemispheres. On the left hemisphere, the circuit is proposed to be specialized for speech actions. On the right hemisphere, the circuit is proposed to be specialized for general action control of the organism, especially in the visuo-spatial domain. We close the review with a discussion of the clinical significance of the FAT, and suggestions for further research on the pathway.

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“…Both patients sustained permanent postoperative deficits. Patients were evaluated by the senior author, and SMA syndrome was defined as immediate postoperative akinesia more prominent contralateral to the lesioned side, with or without speech hesitancy or mutism (Laplane, Talairach, Meininger, Bancaud, & Orgogozo, 1977;Potgieser, de Jong, Wagemakers, Hoving, & Groen, 2014). Permanent SMA syndrome was defined as continued hemiplegia or hemiparesis with or without speech difficulty on long-term follow-up (Bannur & Rajshekhar, 2000;Ibe et al, 2016).…”

Section: Selected Casesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The crossed frontal aslant tract: A possible pathway involved in the recovery of supplementary motor area syndrome

et al. 2018

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IntroductionSupplementary motor area (SMA) syndrome is a constellation of temporary symptoms that may occur following tumors of the frontal lobe. Affected patients develop akinesia and mutism but often recover within weeks to months. With our own case examples and with correlations to fiber tracking validated by gross anatomical dissection as ground truth, we describe a white matter pathway through which recovery may occur.MethodsDiffusion spectrum imaging from the Human Connectome Project was used for tractography analysis. SMA outflow tracts were mapped in both hemispheres using a predefined seeding region. Postmortem dissections of 10 cadaveric brains were performed using a modified Klingler technique to verify the tractography results.ResultsTwo cases were identified in our clinical records in which patients sustained permanent SMA syndrome after complete disconnection of the SMA and corpus callosum (CC). After investigating the postoperative anatomy of these resections, we identified a pattern of nonhomologous connections through the CC connecting the premotor area to the contralateral premotor and SMAs. The transcallosal fibers have projections from the previously described frontal aslant tract (FAT) and thus, we have termed this path the “crossed FAT.”ConclusionsWe hypothesize that this newly described tract may facilitate recovery from SMA syndrome by maintaining interhemispheric connectivity through the supplementary motor and premotor areas.

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Insights from the supplementary motor area syndrome in balancing movement initiation and inhibition

Cited by 88 publications

References 162 publications

Reduced resting state connectivity and gray matter volume correlate with cognitive impairment in minimal hepatic encephalopathy

Reduced resting state connectivity and gray matter volume correlate with cognitive impairment in minimal hepatic encephalopathy

The frontal aslant tract (FAT) and its role in speech, language and executive function

The crossed frontal aslant tract: A possible pathway involved in the recovery of supplementary motor area syndrome

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