Insights into endoplasmic reticulum‐associated degradation in plants

Chen, Qian; Yu, Feifei; Xie, Qi

doi:10.1111/nph.16369

Cited by 63 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…It provides docking sites for ribosomes, is a major site of protein and lipid synthesis, and therefore generates membrane components that are incorporated into the other endomembrane organelles. Given the critical role of the ER throughout their life cycle, plants, along with other organisms, have developed sophisticated strategies to maintain the homeostasis of the ER, including the unfolded protein response (UPR), ER-associated degradation (ERAD), ER quality control (ERQC) and selective autophagy of the ER, termed ER-phagy or reticulophagy [4][5][6][7]. The majority of research to date has been done using the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, but information on other species is now becoming available [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ER-Phagy and Its Role in ER Homeostasis in Plants

Bao

Bassham

2020

Plants

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The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the largest continuous membrane-bound cellular organelle and plays a central role in the biosynthesis of lipids and proteins and their distribution to other organelles. Autophagy is a conserved process that is required for recycling unwanted cellular components. Recent studies have implicated the ER as a membrane source for the formation of autophagosomes, vesicles that transport material to the vacuole during autophagy. When unfolded proteins accumulate in the ER and/or the ER lipid bilayer is disrupted, a condition known as ER stress results. During ER stress, ER membranes can also be engulfed through autophagy in a process termed ER-phagy. An interplay between ER stress responses and autophagy thus maintains the functions of the ER to allow cellular survival. In this review, we discuss recent progress in understanding ER-phagy in plants, including identification of regulatory factors and selective autophagy receptors. We also identify key unanswered questions in plant ER-phagy for future study.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ER-Phagy and Its Role in ER Homeostasis in Plants

Bao

Bassham

2020

Plants

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“…Improper protein folding is often exacerbated by stress, both biotic and abiotic 56 , and the ERAD pathway has been implicated in regulating many aspects of the plant stress response 16 and in controlling the degradation of immune receptors 15,57,58 . The ERAD pathway is known for degrading mis-folded proteins.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the main ERQC mechanisms, endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation (ERAD), consists of two membrane protein complexes based around the E3s Hrd1/Der3 and Doa10 9 and mediates the proteasomal degradation of misfolded proteins. Several components of plant ERAD have been previously described, most associated with the Hrd1 complex 10–16 . In Arabidopsis, one Doa10 homolog, ECERIFERUM9 ( CER9 ), has been characterized in genetic screens for altered cuticular wax 17 and as suppressors of the effects the drought hypersensitive2 ( dry2 ) mutant 18 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The maize E3 ligase ZmCER9 specifically targets activated NLRs for degradation

Karre

Selote

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The maize protein Rp1-D21, an autoactive derivative of the Rp1-D nucleotide-binding leucine rich repeat (NLR) disease resistance protein, triggers a spontaneous hypersensitive cell death defense response (HR). ZmCER9, a member of a class of E3 ligases involved in the endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation (ERAD) protein quality control system, is a suppressor of the Rp21-D21 HR phenotype. ZmCER9, an active E3 ligase, localizes to the ER, consistent with a role in ERAD. It physically interacts with and mediates the proteasome-dependent degradation of both Rp1-D21 and another autoactive Rp1-D derivate but neither interacts with nor affects the protein levels of three non-autoactive Rp1-D derivatives. ZmCER9 also suppresses the activity and directs the degradation of autoactive NLRs from Arabidopsis and barley. We describe a novel, and possibly general, mechanism that specifically degrades activated NLRs to suppress the defense response after activation.

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“…Finally, to dispose of dysfunctional ER regions, an autophagy process can be engaged [ 215 ]. In A. thaliana , where UPR pathway has been extensively studied, all those strategies destined to relieve ER stress have been found conserved [ 200 , 216 , 217 , 218 , 219 , 220 , 221 ], with the notable exception of the UPR-contingent regulation of phospholipid synthesis that was barely addressed thus far [ 222 ].…”

Section: Autophagy Rewires Cellular Activities To Mediate Plant Adaptation To Stress: the Complex Relationship Between Autophagy And Lipimentioning

confidence: 99%

How Lipids Contribute to Autophagosome Biogenesis, a Critical Process in Plant Responses to Stresses

Gomez

Lupette

Chambaud

et al. 2021

Cells

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Throughout their life cycle, plants face a tremendous number of environmental and developmental stresses. To respond to these different constraints, they have developed a set of refined intracellular systems including autophagy. This pathway, highly conserved among eukaryotes, is induced by a wide range of biotic and abiotic stresses upon which it mediates the degradation and recycling of cytoplasmic material. Central to autophagy is the formation of highly specialized double membrane vesicles called autophagosomes which select, engulf, and traffic cargo to the lytic vacuole for degradation. The biogenesis of these structures requires a series of membrane remodeling events during which both the quantity and quality of lipids are critical to sustain autophagy activity. This review highlights our knowledge, and raises current questions, regarding the mechanism of autophagy, and its induction and regulation upon environmental stresses with a particular focus on the fundamental contribution of lipids. How autophagy regulates metabolism and the recycling of resources, including lipids, to promote plant acclimation and resistance to stresses is further discussed.

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Insights into endoplasmic reticulum‐associated degradation in plants

Cited by 63 publications

References 46 publications

ER-Phagy and Its Role in ER Homeostasis in Plants

ER-Phagy and Its Role in ER Homeostasis in Plants

The maize E3 ligase ZmCER9 specifically targets activated NLRs for degradation

How Lipids Contribute to Autophagosome Biogenesis, a Critical Process in Plant Responses to Stresses

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