Insights into geriatric health: primary sarcopenia and innate immunity dynamics, examining SARC-F, serum TLR 4, TLR 9, and resolvin levels

Abstract

The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between serum TLR (Toll Like Receptor) 4, 9 and Resolvin E1 levels and primary sarcopenia in geriatric patients and to compare the diagnostic accuracy of these biomarkers with the SARC-F score. A total of 88 patients aged 65 years and older were evaluated in the study. Comorbidities and geriatric syndromes were identified and patients with secondary sarcopenia were excluded. EWGSOP2 criteria were used as diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia and SARC-F questionnaire was used to find individuals at risk for sarcopenia. Serum TLR 4, 9 and Resolvin E1 levels were analyzed by ELISA. There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of age and gender (p = 0.654 and p = 1.000, respectively). SARC-F, serum TLR 9 and Resolvin E1 were significantly higher in the sarcopenia group compared to the non-sarcopenia group (p < 0.001, p < 0.001 and p = 0.040, respectively). Statistically significant parameters were evaluated by multiple regression analysis. TLR 9 and SARC-F score were both found to be associated with sarcopenia in multivariate logistic regression analysis [Odds ratio (OR) 3145, (95%) confidence interval (CI) 5.9–1,652,888.3, p = 0.012; OR 4.788, (95%) CI 2.148–10.672, p < 0.001, respectively]. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the ROC curve (AUC) for TLR 9 and SARC-F was 0.896 (p < 0.001) and 0.943 (p < 0.001), respectively. Although this study supports the use of the SARC-F questionnaire in daily practice, serum TLR 9 levels may be an alternative to SARC-F in cases where SARC-F is not feasible.