Insights Into Human Development and Disease From Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Derived Intestinal Organoids

Heterotopic Implantation of Fetal Heart in Syngeneic Adult Rats (Comparative Study of Growth Conditions, Limits and Perspectives)

“…Their investigation is worthwhile further fundamental studies. In this field expertise of in vitro stem cell cultures may be useful [39]. Some preliminary trials in this direction -investigation of IGF-1 and PTHrP variations after foetal organ implantations -were provided but need further development [41,42].…”

Understanding disruption of the gut barrier during inflammation: Should we abandon traditional epithelial cell lines and switch to intestinal organoids?

“…The PSC could be established from either pluripotent embryonic stem cells or by inducing differentiated cells, such as fibroblasts, to convert into the pluripotent stage (92,93). Human intestinal organoids could be generated from PSC via a multistep process involving initial stem cell conversion into appropriate germ layers with subsequent differentiation into tissue-specific organoids (92,94). Importantly, organoids resembling either the small intestine or colon could be generated by manipulating bone morphogenic protein signaling (92,94).…”

“…Human intestinal organoids could be generated from PSC via a multistep process involving initial stem cell conversion into appropriate germ layers with subsequent differentiation into tissue-specific organoids (92,94). Importantly, organoids resembling either the small intestine or colon could be generated by manipulating bone morphogenic protein signaling (92,94). Unlike somatic stem cell-derived intestinal organoids that contain only epithelial cells, PSC-derived organoids contain both epithelial and mesenchymal compartments, thereby better representing the complexity of the gut tissue.…”

Challenges to, and prospects for, reverse engineering the gastrointestinal tract using organoids

“…Despite the common developmental origin, each part of the digestive system demonstrates a characteristic stem cell niche [13,14] and epithelial turnover [3]. This is reflected by differences in the protocols to generate organoids mimicking other GI tissues [13,[15][16][17][18]. Continuous efforts to tailor the culture conditions and niche factors according to the respective tissues led to the development of the first protocols for gastric [19][20][21][22], colon [23][24][25][26], and esophageal [27][28][29][30] organoids.…”