Insights into Microbiota in Sjögren’s Syndrome

Mieliauskaitė, Diana; Kontenis, Vilius

doi:10.3390/medicina59091661

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 66 publications

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“…Autoimmune epithelitis and dryness of mucosal surface, as well as autoimmune processes, may sensitise to certain bacterial infections (78). Three pathways might help to clarify the potential contribution of microbiota to pSS pathogenesis: molecular mimicry, metabolite changes and epithelial tolerance breakdown (79). Similar type of research was made also in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: researchers found out that several pathobionts and pathways are related to local or systemic inflammation processes and immune system dysregulation in animal lupus models, but remains to be determined how consistent they are among different patient populations and which microbial antigens drive immune intolerance to produce several lupus-related autoantibodies (80) In aggregate, some dietary approaches may improve RA symptoms and thus it is recommended that nutrition should be routinely addressed (81).…”

Section: Diet and Microbiomementioning

confidence: 99%

Environment and arthritis

Ruzzon,

Adami

2024

Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology

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The present narrative review explores the multifactorial aetiology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other immunemediated inflammatory disorders (IMI-Ds), emphasising the significant role of various environmental factors in disease development and exacerbation. Key modifiable environmental factors such as cigarette smoking and air pollution are identified as major contributors to RA. We will also focus on the influence of weather, seasonality, and particularly vitamin D levels, on RA activity, suggesting potential for seasonal management and supplementation to mitigate disease severity. The emerging role of diet and the gut microbiome in RA pathogenesis and progression is discussed as well, with dietary interventions and specific nutrients like omega-3 fatty acids offering protective benefits against inflammation. Despite the mounting evidence around these factors, further research is needed, to better understand the clinical impacts on RA, including well-designed randomised clinical trials.

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Section: Diet and Microbiomementioning

confidence: 99%

Environment and arthritis

Ruzzon,

Adami

2024

Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology

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Sjögren’s Disease and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: What Is Their Evidence-Based Link?

Mieliauskaitė,

Kontenis

2024

Medicina

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Sjögren’s disease (SjD), or primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS), is a heterogeneous chronic autoimmune disorder with multiple clinical manifestations that can develop into non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma in mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue. SjD is one of the autoimmune diseases with the maximum delayed diagnosis due to its insidious onset, heterogeneous clinical features and varied course. It is increasingly recognized that extraglandular manifestations represent a clinical challenge for patients with SjD. The European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) Sjögren’s Syndrome (SS) Disease Activity Index (ESSDAI) is a systemic disease activity index designed to measure disease activity in patients with primary Sjogren’s syndrome. It consists of 12 domains: cutaneous, pulmonary, renal, articular, muscular, peripheral nervous system, central nervous system, hematological, glandular, constitutional, lymphadenopathy and lymphoma, biological. More than a quarter of patients with pSS may have systemic features that are not included in the ESSDAI classification, i.e., various cardiovascular, ophthalmic, ENT, and other systemic or organ involvement that increase the magnitude of the systemic phenotype in the disease. The ESSDAI also excludes the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, and unfortunately, GI manifestations are not routinely assessed. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of the most prevalent gastrointestinal disorders, impairing quality of life and consuming a large volume of medical resources. Recently carried out the Mendelian randomized trial confirmed the causal link between SjD and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and showed that GERD is a risk factor for SjD. This review aims to provide an overview of the research describing evidenced based links between Sjögren’s disease and gastroesophageal reflux disease, with the intention of ensuring that any systemic pathology in Sjögren’s disease is properly assessed and that management of the disease is directed towards the patient. A comprehensive literature search was carried out on PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and the Cochrane Library databases. Two researchers searched for published studies indexed from inception to 1 September 2024 using the keywords ‘Sjögren’s syndrome’ OR ‘Sjögren’s disease’ AND ‘gastroesophageal reflux disease’ AND ‘microbiota’ OR microbiota dysbiosis’. We limited our search for scientific articles to human studies, and only included articles in English. Overall, there is a lack of evidence-based studies assessing the association between GERD and Sjögren’s disease and the changes in the microbiota associated with GERD in a multidisciplinary setting. Such studies are needed for the future, as this will improve the early diagnosis of Sjögren’s disease and the personalized management of the disease.

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Insights into Microbiota in Sjögren’s Syndrome

Cited by 2 publications

References 66 publications

Environment and arthritis

Environment and arthritis

Sjögren’s Disease and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: What Is Their Evidence-Based Link?

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