“…It is important to note that they have many disadvantages, including the fact that they are highly susceptible to contamination by bacteria (like endotoxins), lack tunability, react immunologically, degrade at an uncontrollable rate, and do not have a mechanical expectations. In terms of biological aspects, these have several disadvantages in terms of their lack of cellular adhesion sites, so they require chemical modification to enhance the cells’ adhesion to them to improve their performance ( Heboyan et al, 2018a ; Heboyan et al, 2018b ; Heboyan et al, 2020a ; Heboyan et al, 2020b ; Heboyan et al, 2021b ; Reddy et al, 2021 ; Heboyan et al, 2022b ; Heboyan et al, 2022c ; Marya et al, 2022c ; Heboyan et al, 2022d ; Heboyan et al, 2022e ; Heboyan et al, 2022f ; Kakkad et al, 2022 ; Karobari et al, 2022 ). The following describes the most synthetic materials used in craniofacial TE.…”