Insights into Reactive Oxygen Species Production-Scavenging System Involved in Sugarcane Response to Xanthomonas albilineans Infection under Drought Stress

Abstract

Plants must adapt to the complex effects of several stressors brought on by global warming, which may result in interaction and superposition effects between diverse stressors. Few reports are available on how drought stress affects Xanthomonas albilineans (Xa) infection in sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrids). Drought and leaf scald resistance were identified on 16 sugarcane cultivars using Xa inoculation and soil drought treatments, respectively. Subsequently, four cultivars contrasting to drought and leaf scald resistance were used to explore the mechanisms of drought affecting Xa–sugarcane interaction. Drought stress significantly increased the occurrence of leaf scald and Xa populations in susceptible cultivars but had no obvious effect on resistant cultivars. The ROS bursting and scavenging system was significantly activated in sugarcane in the process of Xa infection, particularly in the resistant cultivars. Compared with Xa infection alone, defense response via the ROS generating and scavenging system was obviously weakened in sugarcane (especially in susceptible cultivars) under Xa infection plus drought stress. Collectively, ROS might play a crucial role involving sugarcane defense against combined effects of Xa infection and drought stress.

Genetic Engineering for Enhancing Sugarcane Tolerance to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses

“…Adapting to these stresses is also linked to metabolic adaptation, which results in the accumulation of various organic solutes like proline, sugars, betaines, and polyols. To protect from the harmful effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (Figure 3), plants utilize antioxidant enzymes such as ascorbate peroxidase APX, SOD, and GR, and non-enzymatic antioxidants like carotenoids, ascorbic acid, and flavonoids [96,97]. Researchers have identified different genes that contribute to abiotic stress tolerance (Table 4) in model/water-tolerant plants, unrelated plants, or completely different organisms, including those involved in the overexpression of transcription factors (TFs) and effector proteins, which play crucial roles in activating genes in response to abiotic stresses [98,99].…”