Insights into synergy-induced multifunctional property enhancement mechanisms in hybrid graphene nanoplatelet reinforced polymer composites

Recent advances in intrinsically stretchable electronic materials and devices

“…where the σ is the conductivity of composites, the σ 0 is the constant which is related with conductive fillers, S is the filling density, and the S C is the threshold value of filling density. According to the percolation theory, the density of conductive fillers is positively correlated with the threshold value of percolation (V) of composite material, and the V is defined by Formula (2): 0D materials, (3) 1D materials, and (4): 2D materials [93][94][95] :…”

“…Generally, the conductivity of these composites is related to the filling density and the type of conductive fillers, and defined by the following formula [91,92] (): $$$\sigma ={\sigma }_{0}\,\left(S-{S}_{C}\right)$$$ where the σ is the conductivity of composites, the σ 0 is the constant which is related with conductive fillers, S is the filling density, and the S C is the threshold value of filling density. According to the percolation theory, the density of conductive fillers is positively correlated with the threshold value of percolation ( V ) of composite material, and the V is defined by Formula (): 0D materials, () 1D materials, and (): 2D materials [93–95] : $$${V}_{c\,0\mathrm{D}}=\frac{\pi {D}^{3}}{{6\left(D+{D}_{\text{IP}}\right)}^{3}}$$$ $$${V}_{c\,1\mathrm{D}}=\frac{5.71}{{L}^{2}}$$$ $$${V}_{c\,2\mathrm{D}}=\frac{27\pi {D}^{2}t}{{4\left(D+{D}_{\text{IP}}\right)}^{3}}$$$ where the V c is the volume fraction of the threshold value of percolation of composites, and D IP is the distance between the fillers, D is the diameter of 0D materials or the lateral diameter of 2D materials, t is the thickness of 2D materials, and L is the length of 1D materials.…”

Graphene and Nanoclay as Processing Aid Agents: A Study on Rheological Behavior in Polystyrene

“…To our knowledge, graphene is not commonly used in molten polymers as a processing aid agent or lubricant, but it could be an interesting candidate given its tribological properties [15]. In addition, it would complement the unique combination of functionalities of graphene, such as high mechanical strength, electrical conductivity [16][17][18], UV resistance [19], piezoelectric response enhancement [20], as well as the valorization of recycled plastics and mixed plastic waste streams [21,22]. Furthermore, recent toxicity studies performed on few-layer graphene industrial grades produced by the mechanochemical exfoliation of graphite have much lower health and safety concerns than other nanocarbons such carbon nanotube and carbon black [23].…”