Insights into the 3D In Vitro Permeability and In Vivo Antioxidant Protective Effects of Kiwiberry Leaf Extract: A Step Forward to Human Nutraceutical Use

Abstract

Actinidia arguta (Siebold & Zucc.) Planch. ex Miq. (kiwiberry) leaves are a source of phenolic compounds with pro-health biological effects, such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Despite the huge number of studies reporting the composition of A. arguta leaves, no in vitro or in vivo studies explore its potential use as nutraceutical ingredient based on these activities. Therefore, this study aims to characterize the safety profile of kiwiberry leaf extracts using in vitro and in vivo approaches through the assessment of intestinal cell viability (Caco-2 and HT29-MTX), 3D intestinal permeation, and, most important, the redox markers, biochemical profile and liver and kidney function effects after the animal assays. Briefly, wistar rats were orally treated for 7 days with kiwiberry leaf extracts (50 and 75 mg/kg bw), water (negative control), or vitamin C (positive control). The cell viability was above 90% at 1000 μg/mL for both cells. Coumaroyl quinic acid and rutin achieved a permeation higher than 25% in the 3D intestinal model. The animal studies confirmed the extracts’ ability to increase superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase content in animals’ livers and kidneys while simultaneously decreasing the triglycerides content. This study highlighted the antioxidant capacity of kiwiberry leaf extracts, ensuring their efficacy and safety as a nutraceutical ingredient.

Simulated Gastrointestinal Digestion of Chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) Shell Extract Prepared by Subcritical Water Extraction: Bioaccessibility, Bioactivity, and Intestinal Permeability by In Vitro Assays

“…During the 240 min assay (Figure 3D), the TEER values maintained constant, ranging between 135.00 (at 90 min) and 170.67 Ω/cm 2 (at 240 min). Similar values were reported by Silva et al [14] to evaluate the permeation of kiwiberry leaf extract using an identical co-culture model. Nonetheless, these values were lower when compared to Caco-2 monolayers and triple co-culture (Caco-2/HT29-MTX/Raji B) models [55].…”

“…TEER measurements were also conducted during the entire experiment. Finally, the samples were analyzed by LC/DAD-ESI-MS following the methodology implemented by Silva et al [14]. The experiment was performed in triplicate.…”

Insights into the Antioxidant/Antiradical Effects and In Vitro Intestinal Permeation of Oleocanthal and Its Metabolites Tyrosol and Oleocanthalic Acid

“…For this purpose, Caco-2 (passages 81-84) and HT29-MTX (passages [35][36][37][38] cell lines were used. The cell viability assay was performed according to Silva et al [25,26] after exposing the cells to the samples at different concentrations (0.1, 1, 10, 100, and 1000 µg/mL). The positive control used was DMEM and the negative control was 1% (w/v) Triton X-100.…”

Development and Characterization of Microparticles with Actinidia arguta Leaves Extract by Spray-Drying: A New Mind-Set Regarding Healthy Compounds for Oral Mucositis

“…A. arguta leaves have become increasingly studied due to their interesting phytochemical profile as well as their reported biologic activities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, and anti-allergic effects [ 5 , 8 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ]. Recently, our research group evaluated the in vivo bioactivity and safeness of the antioxidant compounds present in an A. arguta leaves extract [ 20 ]. Briefly, Wistar rats ( n = 6/group) received orally the A. arguta leaves extract for 7 days, attesting to a remarkable enhancement of the free radical scavenging enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase [ 20 ].…”

“…Recently, our research group evaluated the in vivo bioactivity and safeness of the antioxidant compounds present in an A. arguta leaves extract [ 20 ]. Briefly, Wistar rats ( n = 6/group) received orally the A. arguta leaves extract for 7 days, attesting to a remarkable enhancement of the free radical scavenging enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase [ 20 ]. This powerful antioxidant potential attracted the scientist’s attention to the beneficial effects of A. arguta leaves against oxidative stress, such as oral mucositis (OM), the most common debilitating complication of chemotherapy.…”