Insights into the diverse precursor-based micro-spherical hard carbons as anode materials for sodium–ion and potassium–ion batteries

Nagmani, .; Tyagi, Ashwani; Puravankara, Sreeraj

doi:10.1039/d1ma00731a

Cited by 32 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 180 publications

(213 reference statements)

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“…The situation for the sodium intercalated graphite is more challenging and complexes including NaC 70 and NaC 64 are typically formed that correspond to inferior sodium insertion capacities of 31 and 35 mA h g À 1 , respectively. [102] The theoretical capacity of multilayer GDY for Na-ion storage can reach 1742 mA h g À 1 (for the stable Na 0.78 C structure), which is much higher than that of typical graphite and hard/soft carbon species. Interestingly, the GDY nanosheet-based SIB has displayed a stable experimental reversible capacity of 812 mA h g À 1 at a specific current of 0.05 A g À 1 , demonstrating a great potential of newly synthetic carbon allotropes for application on next-generation energy storage devices.…”

Section: New Carbon Allotropesmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Note that in fully lithiated graphite, LiC 6 complex is formed that shows a theoretical capacity of 372 mA h g −1 . The situation for the sodium intercalated graphite is more challenging and complexes including NaC 70 and NaC 64 are typically formed that correspond to inferior sodium insertion capacities of 31 and 35 mA h g −1 , respectively [102] . The theoretical capacity of multilayer GDY for Na‐ion storage can reach 1742 mA h g −1 (for the stable Na 0.78 C structure), which is much higher than that of typical graphite and hard/soft carbon species.…”

Section: Classification Of Carbon Anodementioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Advances in Carbon Anodes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2022

The Chemical Record

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Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have gained tremendous attention for large-scale energy storage applications due to the natural abundance, low cost, and even geographic distribution of sodium resources as well as a similar working mechanism to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). One of the critical bottlenecks, however, is the design of high-performance and low-cost anode materials. Graphite anode that has dominated the market share of LIBs does not properly intercalate sodium ions. However, other carbonaceous materials are still considered as one of the most promising anode materials for SIBs in virtue of their high electronic conductivity, abundant active sites, hierarchical porosity, and excellent mechanical stability. In this review, we have tried to summarize the latest progresses made on the development of carbon-based negative electrodes (including hard carbons, soft carbons, and synthetic carbon allotropes) for SIBs. We also have provided a comprehensive understanding of their physical properties, the sodium ions storage mechanisms, and the improvement measures to cope with the current challenges. In addition, we have proposed future research directions for SIBs that will provide important insights into further development of carbon-based materials for SIBs.

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Section: New Carbon Allotropesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Classification Of Carbon Anodementioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Carbon Anodes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2022

The Chemical Record

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“…In comparison, hard carbon consisting of rich pores and randomly distributed graphitized microdomains is favorable for the rapid K + transport and volume buffer during K + storage [4]. Heteroatom doping always be used to modify hard carbon to obtain higher capacities and improve conductivity [3,5,6]. For example, S doping is regarded as an effective strategy to provide extra active sites and P doping is used to enhancing wettability of electrolyte [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulfur and phosphorus co-doped hard carbon for potassium ion storage

Chi

Liu

Fan

2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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Due to the low cost, good chemical stability and structural diversity, hard carbon has been considered as an important anode material for potassium-ion batteries (PIBs). However, due to the large diameter of K+, PIBs with both excellent rate performance and long-life is still challenging. Herein, sulfur (S), phosphorus (P) co-doped hard carbon anode are synthesized via polymerization of thiophene and phytic acid and the following concise pyrolysis strategy. S in hard carbon can used as reactive sites for K+ storage and P doping will effectively improve wettability of electrolyte. After temperature regulation, the fabricated SP-700 with dual and abundant heteroatom doping exhibits high initial reversible capacity (412 mAh g−1 at 0.05 A g−1), excellent rate performance (130 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1) and stable cyclic performance (94 mAh g−1 after 1500 cycles at 2 A g−1).

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“…Recently, many advanced materials have been proposed as anode [6][7][8] and cathode [9][10][11] materials for application in SIBs. Carbon-based anode [12][13][14] materials have played a significant role in alkali ion batteries due to the low-cost fabrication, high abundance, and exclusively tunable electronic and structural properties. 15,16 In recent decades, progress has been made to realize excellent 3-RC features (reversible capacity, rate capability, and retention of capacity) of a hard carbon (HC) anode by fine-tuning different morphologies/porosities and the optimum surface area or by incorporating foreign atoms (N, S, B, P) into HC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing ultramicroporous hard carbon spheres in carbonate ester‐based electrolytes for enhanced sodium storage in half‐/full‐cell sodium‐ion batteries

2022

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Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have received considerable attention as promising next-generation energy storage systems due to a large abundance of sodium and ion storage chemistry similar to that of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). We report ultramicroporous hard carbon microspheres (HCMSs) derived from sucrose via a microwave-assisted solvothermal reaction as anode for SIBs. Because of the HCMSs with a larger interlayer spacing in graphitic domains and ultramicropores, it delivers excellent 3-RC features (reversible capacity, rate capability, and retention of capacity) reported to date for hard carbons derived from sugar-based carbon precursors through electrolyte optimization of carbonate esters (EC:PC, EC:DEC, EC:DMC). The HCMS-PC delivered the best reversible capacity of 265 mAh g −1 at a current density of 300 mA g −1 , showing 85.8% capacity retention after 100 cycles and 66.3% capacity retention after 500 cycles in a half-cell. A full-cell fabricated with an HCMS-PC anode and a Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 cathode delivered reversible capacities of 81 and 48 mAh g −1 at current densities of 30 and 300 mA g −1 , respectively.

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Insights into the diverse precursor-based micro-spherical hard carbons as anode materials for sodium–ion and potassium–ion batteries

Abstract: The growing renewable energy sector worldwide and the depleting resources for the Li-ion battery (LIB) technology in a decade push the case of complementary storage technologies, especially for stationary energy...

Cited by 32 publications

References 180 publications

Recent Advances in Carbon Anodes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Recent Advances in Carbon Anodes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Sulfur and phosphorus co-doped hard carbon for potassium ion storage

Optimizing ultramicroporous hard carbon spheres in carbonate ester‐based electrolytes for enhanced sodium storage in half‐/full‐cell sodium‐ion batteries

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