Insights into the Role and Interdependence of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Liver Diseases

Abstract

The crucial roles of oxidative stress and inflammation in the development of hepatic diseases have been unraveled and emphasized for decades. From steatosis to fibrosis, cirrhosis and liver cancer, hepatic oxidative stress, and inflammation are sustained and participated in this pathological progressive process. Notably, increasing evidences showed that oxidative stress and inflammation are tightly related, which are regarded as essential partners that present simultaneously and interact with each other in various pathological conditions, creating a vicious cycle to aggravate the hepatic diseases. Clarifying the interaction of oxidative stress and inflammation is of great importance to provide new directions and targets for developing therapeutic intervention. Herein, this review is concerned with the regulation and interdependence of oxidative stress and inflammation in a variety of liver diseases. In addition to classical mediators and signaling, particular emphasis is placed upon immune suppression, a potential linkage of oxidative stress and inflammation, to provide new inspiration for the treatment of liver diseases. Furthermore, since antioxidation and anti-inflammation have been extensively attempted as the strategies for treatment of liver diseases, the application of herbal medicines and their derived compounds that protect liver from injury via regulating oxidative stress and inflammation collectively were reviewed and discussed.

Triptriolide Alleviates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Liver Injury by Nrf2 and NF-κB Signaling Pathways

“…Meanwhile, many drugs with the properties of anti-inflammation and anti-oxidant, have been used to relieve ALI (Li et al, 2016). Previous studies have evidenced that T11 has the effects of anti-inflammation and anti-oxidant on LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells.…”

Attenuation of sepsis-induced rat liver injury by epigallocatechin gallate via suppression of oxidative stress-related inflammation

“…Accumulating evidence demonstrate that severe oxidative stress is present in patients with sepsis, due to overload of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inadequate anti-oxidative defenses [7]. Oxidative stress is involved in the pathology of sepsis through several different mechanisms, and it is highly associated with inflammation [8]. Oxidative stress directly attacks endothelial cells and affects oxygen consumption, thus promoting organ failure [9].…”

A Biomedical Investigation of the Hepatoprotective Effect of Radix salviae miltiorrhizae and Network Pharmacology-Based Prediction of the Active Compounds and Molecular Targets

“…Since the MDA level is considered an indicator of polyunsaturated fatty acid damage, the decreased MDA level indicated attenuated oxidative damage in liver disease [28,29]. Previous studies showed that the detoxification pathway by the internal anti-oxidative system should be the result of an interacting network of multiple enzymes, with SOD catalyzing the first step and then CAT and GSH-Px removing hydrogen peroxide [30,31]. Although our data indicated that Danshen could increase the expression of SOD in ALD model and improve the activity of GSH-Px in NAFLD model, the overexpression of a single antioxidant enzyme in the liver is not sufficient to activate the internal anti-oxidative enzyme system and reduce the toxicity of superoxide [32].…”