Insights into the toxicity of biomaterials microparticles with a combination of cellular and oxidative biomarkers

Poly(lactic Acid): A Versatile Biobased Polymer for the Future with Multifunctional Properties—From Monomer Synthesis, Polymerization Techniques and Molecular Weight Increase to PLA Applications

“…Most of them end up in oceans (about 13 Mts per year) where they degrade to microplastics with diameters <5 mm. These microplastics pose a big threat to aquatic and land living organisms [ 3 ], while it has been reported that they can pass into the human body via drinking water or the food chain [ 4 , 5 ] with unknown consequences for human health. Plastic islands and microplastics spotted in the aquatic ecosystem are significant evidence of plastic pollution in the environment [ 6 ].…”

“…The worldwide interest in biobased polymers has accelerated in recent years [ 7 ]. However, as demand is rising, and with more sophisticated biopolymers such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamides, poly(ethylene terephtalate) (PET), furanoate and vanillate polyesters as well as many other aliphatic polyesters [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ], the bioplastics market is continuously growing and diversifying. European Bioplastics in cooperation with the nova-Institute compiled the latest market data of global bioplastics production, which is set to increase from around 2.11 million tons in 2020 to approximately 2.87 million tons in 2025 ( Figure 1 ) [ 8 ].…”

The role of lysosomal membrane stability, malondialdehyde levels and DNA damage as pollution biomarkers of terrestrial environments using Eobania vermiculata

“…Land snails such as Archchcatina papyracea (Owojori et al, 2022) The biomarker neutral red retention assay (NRR) refers to the retention time of the dye into the lysosomes. Several studies have shown that the time is mainly in uenced by the presence of pollutants thus enhancing the application of this biomarker for the evaluation of heavy metal or organic effects both in eld (Sturba et al, 2018) and in laboratory studies (Itziou and Dimitriadis 2012;Pappa et al, 2021). The main lipid peroxidation product is malondialdehyde (MDA) and is known to cause DNA damage or carbonylation of cellular proteins (Ma et al, 2014).…”

Polysaccharide Nanofiber‐Stabilized Pickering Emulsion Microparticles Induce Pyroptotic Cell Death in Hepatocytes and Kupffer Cells

“…Nano-and microparticles, especially obtained from natural biopolymers such as cellulose, chitin/chitosan, and alginate, have attracted extensive interest in recent years due to their inherent biodegradability and biocompatibility. [1] Nano/ microparticle-based biomaterials with designable physical and chemical properties contribute to provide new momentum to extend their novel application as drug delivery systems and enhancing therapeutic immune responses. [25][26][27] Therefore, it is important to explore inflammatory responses mediated by polysaccharide nanofiber-stabilized PEs (PPEs) that will contribute to identifying innovative biomedical uses.…”