Insights into Toxic Prymnesium parvum Blooms as a Cause of the Ecological Disaster on the Odra River

Sobieraj, Janusz; Metelski, Dominik

doi:10.3390/toxins15060403

Cited by 17 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 104 publications

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“…Local fauna may be significantly threatened by persistent Prymnesium HABs, which impart enormous damage to the ecosystem and the local economy [46]. A majority of investigations have linked P. parvum and P. parvum f. patelliferum (belonging to the same species), which are alternate phases in a haploid-diploid life cycle, owing to the extent of their spread and the frequency of their toxic occurrences [46,47]. The reported case of P. parvum and its bloom's connection with sick and dead fish was documented in 1938 around the brackish waters of Northern Europe [48].…”

Section: Prymnesium Parvummentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) Causing Marine Fish Kills: Toxicity and Mitigation

Oh,

Pushparaj,

Muthu

et al. 2023

Plants

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Extensive growth of microscopic algae and cyanobacteria results in harmful algal blooms (HABs) in marine, brackish, and freshwater environments. HABs can harm humans and animals through their toxicity or by producing ecological conditions such as oxygen depletion, which can kill fish and other economically or ecologically important organisms. This review summarizes the reports on various HABs that are able to bring about marine fish kills. The predominant HABs, their toxins, and their effects on fishes spread across various parts of the globe are discussed. The mechanism of HAB-driven fish kills is discussed based on the available reports, and existing mitigation methods are presented. Lapses in the large-scale implementation of mitigation methods demonstrated under laboratory conditions are projected. Clay-related technologies and nano-sorption-based nanotechnologies, although proven to make significant contributions, have not been put to use in real-world conditions. The gaps in the technology transfer of the accomplished mitigation prototypes are highlighted. Further uses of remote sensing and machine learning state-of-the-art techniques for the detection and identification of HABs are recommended.

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Section: Prymnesium Parvummentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) Causing Marine Fish Kills: Toxicity and Mitigation

Oh,

Pushparaj,

Muthu

et al. 2023

Plants

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“…1 The toxins released by this brackish-water mixotroph, which measures only 5-10 micrometers and carries two flagella for active movement and a specialized organelle (haptonema) for attaching to prey, caused a catastrophe, leading to the death of a thousand metric tons of fish, mussels, and snails along the entire Oder River in Poland and Germany. [1][2][3] The invasive Prymnesium as the cause of massive fish kills has been identified since the mid 20 th century, 4,5 but only in the last three decades has much of its cryptic diversity been recognized. Electron-microscopy revealed variation in the organic scales among strains or between stages of what may be a haplo-diplontic life cycle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The haplotype-resolved Prymnesium parvum (type B) microalga genome reveals the genetic basis of its fish-killing toxins

Kuhl,

Strassert,

Čertnerova

et al. 2024

Preprint

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The catastrophic loss of aquatic life in the Central European Oder River in 2022, caused by a toxic bloom of the haptophyte microalga Prymnesium parvum (in a wide sense, s.l.), underscores the need to improve our understanding of the genomic basis of the toxin. Previous morphological, phylogenetic, and genomic studies have revealed cryptic diversity within P. parvum s.l. and uncovered three clade-specific (types A, B, C) prymnesin toxins. Here, we used state-of-the-art long-read sequencing and assembled the first haplotype-resolved diploid genome of a P. parvum type B, the strain responsible for the Oder disaster. Comparative analyses with type A genomes uncovered a genome-size expansion driven by repetitive elements in type B. We also found conserved chromosomal synteny but divergent evolution in several polyketide synthase (PKS) genes, which are known to underlie toxin production in combination with environmental cues. We identified a specific, approximately 20 kilobase pair comprising deletion in the largest PKS gene of type B that we link to differences of the chemical structure of types A and B prymnesins. Electron-microscopy and flow cytometry confirmed diploidy in the Oder River strain and differences to closely related strains in morphology and ploidy. Our results provide unprecedented resolution of strain diversity in P. parvum and a better understanding of the genomic basis of toxin variability in haptophytes. The reference-quality genome will help to understand changes to microbial diversity in the face of increasing environmental pressures, and provides a basis for strain-level monitoring of invasive Prymnesium in the future.

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Identification of Barriers and Driving Forces for Circular Economy (CE) Implementation in Water and Wastewater Companies

Smol,

Szołdrowska,

Duda

2024

Bus Strat Env

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Water and wastewater management sector is one of the basic areas of implementing a circular economy (CE). Enterprises operating in this sector are mainly wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) managed by municipalities or private companies. They encounter various barriers and facilitators to implement CE, in the area of technology development and management. However, a limited number of works in the available literature focus on nontechnological aspects of implementing CE in WWTPs. Therefore, this paper presents a comprehensive analysis of challenges (including driving forces and barriers) for WWTPs in the process of implementing CE policy goals. The PESTEL strategic analysis method was used, taking into account the identification of political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal factors. It was confirmed that there are more incentives than barriers to actively implementing CE model in analyzed enterprises. The most important driving forces include: (i) favorable European CE policy, as recommendations and law regulations in the area of water, raw materials, and energy recovery; (ii) society's pressure on resource protection; (iii) possible revenues from the sale of recovered water, energy or CE‐fertilizers; (iv) financial support for CE solutions. Among defined barriers that could slow down the circular transformation, the most important are: (i) lack of clearly stated regulations regarding water, energy, and raw materials recovery, as well as transparency and regulatory risk; (ii) limited own financial resources of WWTPs operators; (iii) high cost of investments and maintaining recovery/recycling technologies. Those results may be of key importance to practitioners in strategic decision making for the improved application of circularity in the operating process. Because the implementation of CE solutions should have an integrated approach throughout the enterprise, it is recommended to develop circular business models for these companies, that would take into account both the core business (water and wastewater management) as well as possibilities of further CE implementation, such as recovery of water, energy, and raw materials. In the coming years, such solutions could be financially supported by the national and European sources, which may have a positive impact on the acceleration to the CE model.

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Insights into Toxic Prymnesium parvum Blooms as a Cause of the Ecological Disaster on the Odra River

Cited by 17 publications

References 104 publications

Review of Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) Causing Marine Fish Kills: Toxicity and Mitigation

Review of Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) Causing Marine Fish Kills: Toxicity and Mitigation

The haplotype-resolved Prymnesium parvum (type B) microalga genome reveals the genetic basis of its fish-killing toxins

Identification of Barriers and Driving Forces for Circular Economy (CE) Implementation in Water and Wastewater Companies

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