Insights into valuing the aqueous phase derived from hydrothermal liquefaction

SundarRajan, PanneerSelvam; Gopinath, Kannappan Panchamoorthy; Arun, Jayaseelan; GracePavithra, Kirubanandam; Joseph, Antonysamy Adithya; Manasa, Sadhasivan

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2021.111019

Cited by 66 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“…However, the commercialization of HTL technology faces some drawbacks due to product stability and by-product generation. In order for these issues to be addressed, possible pathways to valorize and recover nutrients from the post-hydrothermal liquefaction process [38]. Transesterification is the most promising technique to convert biomass-extracted oil into biodiesel because of its low cost and simplicity.…”

Section: Second-generation Biofuelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioethanol and biodiesel: Bibliometric mapping, policies and future needs

Osman

Qasim

Jamil

et al. 2021

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

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Section: Second-generation Biofuelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioethanol and biodiesel: Bibliometric mapping, policies and future needs

Osman

Qasim

Jamil

et al. 2021

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

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“…Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is a thermochemical process operating in water or another suitable solvent at elevated temperatures (generally 250-375°C) and high-pressure (5-20 MPa) during which the organic feedstock is broken down into four products, i.e. biocrude oil or bio-oil (the target product), aqueous phase, gas and solid residue [43,44]. The basic reaction pathways for the hydrothermal liquefaction of sewage sludge may be illustrated in Figure 3(d) comprising three major steps [45]: (1) depolymerisation of various biomolecules (e.g.…”

Section: Hydrothermal Liquefactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermochemical conversion of sewage sludge for energy and resource recovery: technical challenges and prospects

Zhang

et al. 2021

Environmental Pollutants and Bioavailability

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Thermochemical processes are considered as a promising technology for sewage sludge management, which could achieve volume reduction, energy and resource recovery, and effective destruction of pathogens. However, there are still many technology limitations and challenges of the thermochemical processes toward industrialization and commercialization. This review first briefly discusses the impact of sewage sludge on environmental sustainability and its current treatment and disposal methods. Typical thermochemical conversion technologies i.e., incineration/combustion, pyrolysis, gasification, and hydrothermal liquefaction for energy and resource recovery from sewage sludge are then comprehensively summarized. Subsequently, the technical challenges of thermochemical conversion of sewage sludge and the solutions that have been and/or are being developed to address the challenges are in-depth analyzed. Meanwhile, the prospects and future directions of the thermochemical technologies are outlined. In addition, the economic analysis and life cycle assessment of thermochemical conversion technologies are evaluated. Finally, the conclusions are put forward.

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“…As Biller et al suggested, the use of a continuous reactor and the avoidance of organic solvents for separation would be desirable for a commercial system. The recovery of AP from a continuous HTL process for algae cultivation may further improve the process efficiency and has received increasing attention in recent years, motivating the elaboration of a useful strategy in this study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Dichloromethane on Product Separation during Continuous Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Chlorella vulgaris and Aqueous Product Recycling for Algae Cultivation

et al. 2022

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Dichloromethane (DCM) is a solvent commonly used in laboratories for microalgae hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) product separation. The addition of DCM would lead to an "overestimation effect" of biocrude yield and diminish biocrude quality. However, it is currently not clear to what extent this overestimation effect will impact a continuous HTL process. In this study, Chlorella vulgaris microalgae was processed in a continuous stirred tank reactor at different temperatures (300, 325, 350, 375, and 400 °C) at 24 MPa for 15 min holding time. Two separation methods were applied to investigate the effect of using DCM in a cHTL product separation procedure in terms of product yield, biocrude elemental content, and aqueous product (AP) composition. Subsequently, the feasibility of reusing AP for algae cultivation has been evaluated. Results suggest that 350 °C is the optimal temperature for cHTL operation, leading to the highest biocrude yield, and an average increase in biocrude yield of 9 wt % was achieved when using DCM in cHTL product separation. Within the temperature range investigated, an average biocrude yield estimation can be proposed by yield non-DCM ≈ 0.818 × yield DCM . The AP has been characterized by total organic carbon and total nitrogen, high-performance liquid chromatography, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. Results show that at 350−375 °C more nitrogen and other ions were directed into the AP, which could be advantageous in nutrient recovery. With the help of optical density testing, algae was shown to exhibit a better growth using AP with activated carbon absorption purification treatment as compared to the standard medium. The recovery of water and nutrients from the HTL-AP could improve the economics of a microalgae biorefinery process.

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Insights into valuing the aqueous phase derived from hydrothermal liquefaction

Cited by 66 publications

References 113 publications

Bioethanol and biodiesel: Bibliometric mapping, policies and future needs

Bioethanol and biodiesel: Bibliometric mapping, policies and future needs

Thermochemical conversion of sewage sludge for energy and resource recovery: technical challenges and prospects

The Effect of Dichloromethane on Product Separation during Continuous Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Chlorella vulgaris and Aqueous Product Recycling for Algae Cultivation

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