Insights on the possibility of SARS-CoV-2 transmission through the eyes

Zhu, Rui; Han, Lin

doi:10.18240/ijo.2022.11.18

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 63 publications

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“…In agreement, SARS-CoV-2 can infect and replicate in retinal organoids, and quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) analyses have confirmed the presence of SARS-CoV-2 genomic RNA in different ocular tissues including human retina, cornea, conjunctiva, lacrimal sacs and tears from deceased cases with COVID-19 [230][231][232][233][234]. Finally, ocular complications are frequently described by patients both during and after recovery from COVID-19, especially conjunctivitis, retinopathy (retinitis, retinal hemorrhages, retinal venous and arterial occlusion), uveitis, vitritis, optic neuritis [219,222,[235][236][237][238][239][240] in association with signs of excessive inflammation, nerve fiber loss, increased dendritic cell density, impaired retinal microcirculation and poor vision [239,[241][242][243][244][245][246].…”

Section: Neuro-ophthalmic Complications Shared By Covid-19 and Admentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 and Alzheimer’s Disease Share Common Neurological and Ophthalmological Manifestations: A Bidirectional Risk in the Post-Pandemic Future

Amadoro,

Latina,

Stigliano

et al. 2023

Cells

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A growing body of evidence indicates that a neuropathological cross-talk takes place between the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) -the pandemic severe pneumonia that has had a tremendous impact on the global economy and health since three years after its outbreak in December 2019- and Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), the leading cause of dementia among human beings, reaching 139 million by the year 2050. Even though COVID-19 is a primary respiratory disease, its causative agent, the so-called Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is also endowed with high neuro-invasive potential (Neurocovid). The neurological complications of COVID-19, resulting from the direct viral entry into the Central Nervous System (CNS) and/or indirect systemic inflammation and dysregulated activation of immune response, encompass memory decline and anosmia which are typically associated with AD symptomatology. In addition, patients diagnosed with AD are more vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection and are inclined to more severe clinical outcomes. In the present review, we better elucidate the intimate connection between COVID-19 and AD by summarizing the involved risk factors/targets and the underlying biological mechanisms shared by these two disorders with a particular focus on the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, APOlipoprotein E (APOE), aging, neuroinflammation and cellular pathways associated with the Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP)/Amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau neuropathologies. Finally, the involvement of ophthalmological manifestations, including vitreo-retinal abnormalities and visual deficits, in both COVID-19 and AD are also discussed. Understanding the common physiopathological aspects linking COVID-19 and AD will pave the way to novel management and diagnostic/therapeutic approaches to cope with them in the post-pandemic future.

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