Insomnia among coronavirus disease 2019 survivors: A single-center cross-sectional study

Abstract

Since the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic, insomnia has become one of the longer COVID-19 symptoms. This study aimed to investigate insomnia among COVID-19 survivors and explore the occurrence and influencing factors of insomnia. A cross-sectional study was performed from December 2022 to February 2023 through an online questionnaire star survey with 8 questions. The insomnia severity index scale (ISI) was used to assess the severity of insomnia. Univariate analysis was used to analyze the factors related to COVID-19 infection. A total of 564 participants (183 males and 381 females) were surveyed in the present study. The prevalence of insomnia was 63.12%. Among these insomnia patients, there were 202 (35.82%) with sub-threshold symptoms, 116 (20.57%) with moderate symptoms, and 38 (6.74%) with severe symptoms. Univariate analysis indicated that there were statistically significant differences in the prevalence of insomnia among COVID-19 survivors of different ages, occupations, and educational levels (P < .05). Of the 356 insomnia patients, 185 (51.97%) did not take any measures against insomnia, while those who took drugs only, physical exercise only, drugs and physical exercise, and other measures were 90 (25.28%), 42 (11.80%), 17 (4.78%), and 22 (6.18%), respectively. Additionally, of the 107 insomnia patients with drug therapy, 17 (15.89%) took estazolam, 16 (14.95%) took alprazolam, 39 (36.45%) took zopiclone, and 35 (32.71%) took other drugs to improve insomnia symptoms. The prevalence of insomnia symptoms remains high among COVID-19 survivors in China. Education level and occupation may be the influencing factors. Unfortunately, most patients with insomnia do not take corresponding treatment measures.

Prevalence of insomnia and its association in COVID-19-recovered healthcare workers in some Hospitals of Vietnam

“…The effects of non-pharmaceutical interventions such as Yoga or music therapy to reduce anxiety, depression, and insomnia in healthcare providers have been confirmed. 18 Unlike the results reported from existing studies, 7,11…”

“…This is the most optimal cut-off point to detect insomnia in the community allows (sensitivity: 86.2% and specificity: 87.7%). 9 Insomnia severity is interpreted as follows: mild insomnia (11)(12)(13)(14), moderate insomnia (ISI score of [15][16][17][18][19][20][21] and severe insomnia (ISI score of 22-28). In the current study, the ISI had high reliability with Cronbach's Alpha = 0.91.…”