Insomnia due to drug or substance abuse and dependence

Hadler, Nicole; Hairston, Ilana S.; Conroy, Deirdre A.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-822963-7.00014-1

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

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“…COC is metabolized as benzoylecgonine, ecgonine, or ecgonine methyl ester, and can be found in biological fluids such as urine, blood, and saliva for up to three days after intake . The abuse leads to addiction, psychosis, insomnia, mental issues, and death. , In Europe and the United States, COC use has gradually grown in recent years and is the second most often used banned substance. , Amphetamine (AMP) is another addictive stimulant drug that can be used to make a variety of drugs and causes dopamine to be released resulting in an elevated mood and visual sensitivity. It has also been used to treat disorders such as narcolepsy …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…17 The abuse leads to addiction, psychosis, insomnia, mental issues, and death. 18,19 In Europe and the United States, COC use has gradually grown in recent years and is the second most often used banned substance. 17,20 Amphetamine (AMP) is another addictive stimulant drug that can be used to make a variety of drugs and causes dopamine to be released resulting in an elevated mood and visual sensitivity.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Smart Multiplex Point-of-Care Platform for Simultaneous Drug Monitoring

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et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Recently, illicit drug use has become more widespread and is linked to problems with crime and public health. These drugs disrupt consciousness, affecting perceptions and feelings. Combining stimulants and depressants to suppress the effect of drugs has become the most common reason for drug overdose deaths. On-site platforms for illicitdrug detection have gained an important role in dealing, without any excess equipment, long process, and training, with drug abuse and drug trafficking. Consequently, the development of rapid, sensitive, noninvasive, and reliable multiplex drug-detecting platforms has become a major necessity. In this study, a multiplex laser-scribed graphene (LSG) sensing platform with one counter, one reference, and three working electrodes was developed for rapid and sensitive electrochemical detection of amphetamine (AMP), cocaine (COC), and benzodiazepine (BZD) simultaneously in saliva samples. The multidetection sensing system was combined with a custom-made potentiostat to achieve a complete point-of-care (POC) platform. Smartphone integration was achieved by a customized application to operate, display, and send data. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first multiplex LSG-based electrochemical platform designed for illicit-drug detection with a custom-made potentiostat device to build a complete POC platform. Each working electrode was optimized with standard solutions of AMP, COC, and BZD in the concentration range of 1.0 pg/mL−500 ng/mL. The detection limit of each illicit drug was calculated as 4.3 ng/mL for AMP, 9.7 ng/mL for BZD, and 9.0 ng/mL for COC. Healthy and MET (methamphetamine) patient saliva samples were used for the clinical study. The multiplex LSG sensor was able to detect target analytes in real saliva samples successfully. This multiplex detection device serves the role of a practical and affordable alternative to conventional drug-detection methods by combining multiple drug detections in one portable platform.

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