Insomnia Symptoms, Sleep Duration, and Disability Pensions: a Prospective Study of Swedish Workers

Abstract

Background Previous studies have found insomnia and long sleep duration to be independently

Psychosocial working conditions, occupational groups, and risk of disability pension due to mental diagnoses: a cohort study of 43 000 Swedish twins

“…Our finding that a one unit increase in job control was independently associated with a decreased risk of DP due to mental diagnoses confirms earlier studies (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)51). However, the results that each one unit increase, rather than a decrease, in job demands or social support predict a higher risk of DP contradict those of previous findings (13,17,31,52).…”

“…One explanation for these contradictory results may be the application of a validated JEM (20)(21)(22), while the majority of other studies (11,(15)(16)(17)(18)(19) used individually reported data on experiences of such exposures. Also, previous studies have mainly studied these working conditions as categorical (median split, quartiles) rather than as continuous variables and have, therefore, only been able to capture variation within the different categories (11,(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)47). Another explanation is that since the information about psychosocial working conditions was based on sector-based occupations, adjusting for occupation to account for the influence of socioeconomic status was not possible.…”

“…According to this model, jobs with high demands, low control, and/ or low social support, and jobs with a combination of high demands and low control (high strain) and low social support (iso strain) are associated with increased risks of sickness absence/DP due to mental diagnoses (7,(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18). In most of the previous studies of psychosocial working conditions, self-report surveys have been used to assess these factors (11,(15)(16)(17)(18)(19), but fewer studies have measured these working conditions by applying a validated job exposure matrix (JEM) (20)(21)(22), based on mean scores of job demands and control and social support in different occupations. Moreover, only a few previous studies are based on population-based cohorts (23), which limits the generalizability of their findings.…”

Epidemiological differences in levels of depressive signs among nocturnal symptoms of insomnia; results from the HUNT study

“…This combination of symptom may be the result of a peculiar etiopathology or of the presence of different, concomitant factors. Previous studies reported sleep onset insomnia increasing the risk for debilitating mental problems (Canivet et al, 2014) while neuroimaging brings evidence of a connection between early morning awakenings and depression (Stoffers et al, 2012;Yu et al, 2018). Speculatively, it is possible that the two insomnia symptoms and depression are connected in a consecutive and escalating manner.…”

“…Previous studies have shown how individuals experiencing trouble with sleep onset were about three times more likely than good sleepers to receive a disability pension due to a mental condition. This risk was higher than for other nocturnal symptoms of insomnia (Canivet et al, 2014). In a recent study we reported that difficulties initiating sleep alone plays a leading role in rising anxiety levels and different combinations of symptoms concur with different strengths of anxiety symptoms (Bragantini et al, 2019).…”