Inspection and market-based regulation through emissions trading <br> The striking reliance on self-monitoring, self-reporting and verification

Abstract

1 I am grateful to Jelmer Procee (student-assistant, Metro) for his help when preparing this article and I would like to thank an anonymous referee for his or her useful comments. Finally, I appreciate the fruitful discussion I had with Chris Dekkers about the topic .The views and analysis expressed in this article are the full responsibility of the author. 2 See about the emerging field of 'Climate Law' and the extraordinary reliance on market-based policy instruments B.J. Richardson, 'Climate law and economic policy instruments: a new field of environmental law'

Can Affirmative Motivations Improve Compliance in Emissions Trading Programs?

“…Unfortunately, many GHG programs propose to regulate several pollutants that are emitted from highly dispersed sources, such as automobiles, or otherwise defy simple “end‐of‐pipe” monitoring through CEMs. As a result, self‐reporting based on fuel consumption or other proxy measures has already been used in the EU ETS (Ellerman & Joskow, 2008; Peeters, 2006) and will likely be required in other GHG programs (Stavins, 2008). U.S. states have also created climate registries of self‐reported emissions where issues of third party verification have arisen—registries that could play a role in a future federal cap and trade program (Rabe, 2004, p. 100; Rich, 2008).…”

“…Less automated forms of reporting have generated worries about fraud and dishonest reporting (e.g., Green, Hayward, & Hassett, 2007; Pearlstein, 2009; Peeters, 2006). How to maintain sufficiently honest reporting of emissions at the lowest cost is therefore an important policy design question.…”

Key challenges for the establishment of the monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) system in China’s national carbon emissions trading market

“…A crucial part of a well-functioning emissions trading system is the process of monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) of emissions, which is key to gaining accurate information on emissions and ensuring the environmental integrity of the carbon emissions trading market (Dekkers & Oudenes, 2007;Fleurke & Verschuuren, 2015;Peeters, 2006). MRV has therefore been of particular interest to researchers in the Chinese ETS pilots, as well as when considering the national carbon emissions trading market.…”

Met recht naar klimaatbescherming. Over de rol van het recht en de markt voor het klimaatbeleid

“…157 Het zal interessant zijn om te bezien en om mee te denken over de vraag hoe het functioneren van een verificateur in juridisch opzicht geregeld moet worden, en wat de verhouding en toegevoegde Zo ook geopperd door Fiona Haines, Nancy Reichman (2008). Zie over de (opgelegde) figuur van de verificateur Marjan Peeters (2006a). Overigens is niet gezegd dat toezicht door bestuursorganen per definitie accurater zou zijn.…”