Instability in Europe and Its Impact on Asia

Abstract

In the present paper, we discuss three unintended consequences of European Integration; the division between the pro‐ and anti‐integrationists, doubts on the benefits of the free movements and the burden of the welfare state. Since 2017, Europe has regained confidence and optimism has returned due to sustained economic recovery and election victories of prointegration politicians, most notably in France. The European Union is embarking on co‐operation in defense and security, providing a new reason to support integration. Uncertainty over Brexit and immigration remain among the causes for grave concern. But Europe and Japan have taken a joint stance against protectionism, while Asia is yet to decide whether to do so as an integrated entity.

Comment on “Instability in Europe and Its Impact on Asia”

“…But how will the EU be able to fight successfully against the serious problems mentioned earlier? Kaji (2018) does not appear to be so confident, since she refers to the possible defeat of President Macron in 5 years' time. Kaji (2018) explains what happened from 1970s to the Brexit referendum and how the UK has fallen into chaos in the face of the Brexits negotiation with the EU.…”

“…They are problems of modern capitalism rather than those of the European integration per se, though populists peg the blame on Brussels. Kaji (2018) expects that a new Franco-German leadership will move Europe forward to tackle the three unintended consequences. The economic scene in Europe changed in 2017.…”

“…Kaji (2018) says the EU is the largest guardian of free trade and explains the FTA networks of the EU with Japan, Canada, and other many countries. But, she also points out that the EU will turn protectionist.…”

“…Kaji () explains in her introduction that three unintended consequences of European integration became renewed sources of instability and crises. While the European Union (EU) succeeded in economic integration, it has given rise to the following three unintended consequences: (i) growing anti‐integrationist movements and Brexit; (ii) skepticism about the benefits of the free movements; and (iii) the burden of the welfare state, which brought social exclusion and populism movements of unemployed workers.…”

“…Kaji () grasps postwar European integration as a continuous unity. There were qualitative changes at least twice.…”