“…Darics (2010a) concentrated on the use of ellipsis dots, emoticons, capitalization, laughter, and backchannels for politeness reasons in a virtual workplace; in another study, explored how letter repetition in instant messaging goes beyond phonetic purposes to indicate intimacy and collegiality among colleagues. Other research also touched on the social or pedagogical functions of instant messaging at work, namely joking (Handel & Herbsleb, 2002), performing phatic exchanges (Chung & Nam, 2007), maintaining a minimal sense of group work , sharing work-related memory ( Jacobs, 2006), arranging multitasks, and recording workplace knowledge for newcomers (Mak, Chui et al, 2012). There have been quantitative studies (e.g., Avrahami & Hudson, 2006;Iqbal & Horvitz, 2007) that articulated the communication features (e.g., response time, message length) of Instant Messaging at work as well.…”