Instantaneous hydrogen production from ammonia by non-thermal arc plasma combining with catalyst

Lin, Qi; Jiang, Yabin; Liu, C.Z.; Chen, L.W.; Zhang, W.J.; Ding, Jieqiong; Li, J.G.

doi:10.1016/j.egyr.2021.06.087

Cited by 25 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…It should be noted that the absolute value of η H2 in the present study was still low, considering other plasma sources having comparable gas temperature. Previous studies using nonthermal arc plasma [28] and gliding arc plasma [51] showed significantly higher η H2 even with lower conversion of NH 3 as compared to the present result. This could be attributed to the very low C NH3,i in the present study.…”

Section: Ammonia Conversion and Hydrogen Yieldcontrasting

confidence: 67%

“…Motivated by the endothermic nature of the dehydrogenation reactions of ammonia (equation ( 4) and ( 5)), we conducted an optical emission spectroscopy to estimate the gas temperature of the MWPJ, which was further utilized in a numerical simulation in section 3.5. Figure 8 shows the resultant spectra of the MWPJ for cases with Q t = 1 slpm and C NH3,i = 0.5% v/v at P MW = 50, 100, and 150 W, identifying the spectral lines of Ar (690-850 nm) [52], NH (A-X: ∼336 nm, 2nd order: ∼672 nm) [42], H α (656.3 nm) [52], H β (486.1 nm) [28], N 2 (C-B: 337-380 nm) [53], and N 2 + (B-X: 391.9 nm) [49]. The collected spectral intensity increases along the increased P MW , demonstrating no discernable changes in spectral lines.…”

Section: Optical Emission Spectroscopy: Gas Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, due to the relatively low gas temperature of DBDs [24][25][26][27], overall conversion efficiency of NH 3 and the H 2 yield was not generally feasible. Therefore, these nonthermal plasma methods were usually combined with heating or catalysts [23,[28][29][30][31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ammonia cracking for hydrogen production using a microwave argon plasma jet

Zhang,

Cha

2023

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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Ammonia (NH3) is a promising hydrogen carrier that effectively connects producers of blue hydrogen with consumers, giving rapid conversion of ammonia to hydrogen a critical role in utilizing hydrogen at the endpoints of application in an ammonia-hydrogen economy. Because conventional thermal cracking of NH3 is an energy intensive process, requiring a relatively longer cold start duration, plasma technology is being considered as an assisting tool—or an alternative. Here we detail how an NH3 cracking process, using a microwave plasma jet (MWPJ) under atmospheric pressure, was governed by thermal decomposition reactions. We found that a delivered MW energy density (ED) captured the conversion of NH3 well, showing a full conversion for ED > 6 kJ l−1 with 0.5-% v/v NH3 in an argon flow. The hydrogen production rate displayed a linear increase with MW power and the NH3 content, being almost independent of a total flow rate. A simplified one-dimensional numerical model, adopting a thermal NH3 decomposition mechanism, predicted the experimental data well, indicating the importance of thermal decomposition in the plasma chemistry. We believe that such a prompt thermal reaction, caused by MW plasma, will facilitate a mobile and/or non-steady application. A process combined with the conventional catalytic method should also effectively solve a cold start issue.

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Section: Ammonia Conversion and Hydrogen Yieldcontrasting

confidence: 67%

Section: Optical Emission Spectroscopy: Gas Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

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Ammonia cracking for hydrogen production using a microwave argon plasma jet

Zhang,

Cha

2023

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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“…However, the temperature of the NTAP increased significantly by ∼200 K across the power range tested, which could have also influenced the reaction performance. 198 Moszczynśka et al 293 also reported a plasma power dependence for NH 3 decomposition over carbonaceous catalyst material. The authors show increased NH 3 conversion from 40% to ∼100% when the normalized power was increased from 150 to 900 W/m.…”

Section: Advancements and Currentmentioning

confidence: 98%

Plasma Catalysis for Hydrogen Production: A Bright Future for Decarbonization

Wang,

Otor,

Rivera-Castro

et al. 2024

ACS Catal.

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Thermal approaches have played a dominant role in driving chemical reactions within the chemicals and fuels industries, benefiting from ongoing enhancements in efficiency via heat integration, catalyst development, and process intensification. Nevertheless, these traditional thermal approaches remain heavily reliant on fossil fuels, and there exists an urgent demand for the implementation of renewable energy technologies to synthesize fuels, commodity chemicals, and specialty chemicals. Nonthermal plasmas have gained considerable attention in recent years as a promising solution, and the prospects of combining plasmas with suitable catalysts have become even more appealing. Moreover, the evolution of nonthermal plasma catalysis approaches for the generation of clean hydrogen could be transformative in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. This comprehensive review highlights the influential contributions in plasma catalysis for hydrogen production, discusses recent advancements, and provides future prospects for researchers aiming to advance the production of clean hydrogen.

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“…However, the high reaction temperature is one of the drawbacks of the process, which can be overcome through nonthermal plasma. In this perspective, the 2021 work by Lin et al 99 proposed a novel NTAP reactor with NiO/Al 2 O 3 catalyst. The catalyst was placed at the nozzle exit of the reactor, in order to avoid the interference between catalyst and plasma, as occurred in the 2019 works by Yi et al and Hayakawa et al 92 These authors both evaluated the alternative of DBD plasma with the catalyst placed in the discharge zone.…”

Section: Catalysts Combining Plasmamentioning

confidence: 99%

Ammonia as a Carbon-Free Energy Carrier: NH₃ Cracking to H₂

Spatolisano

Pellegrini

Angelis

et al. 2023

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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In the energy transition from fossil fuels to renewables, hydrogen is a realistic alternative to achieving the decarbonization target. However, its chemical and physical properties make its storage and transport expensive. To ensure the cost-effective H 2 usage as an energy vector, other chemicals are getting attention as H 2 carriers. Among them, ammonia is the most promising candidate. The value chain of NH 3 as a H 2 carrier, considering the long-distance ship transport, includes NH 3 synthesis and storage at the loading terminal, NH 3 storage at the unloading terminal, and its cracking to release H 2 . NH 3 synthesis and cracking are the cost drivers of the value chain. Also, the NH 3 cracking at large scale is not a mature technology, and a significant effort has to be made in intensifying the process as much as possible. In this respect, this work reviews the available technologies for NH 3 cracking, critically analyzing them in view of the scale up to the industrial level.

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Instantaneous hydrogen production from ammonia by non-thermal arc plasma combining with catalyst

Cited by 25 publications

References 36 publications

Ammonia cracking for hydrogen production using a microwave argon plasma jet

Ammonia cracking for hydrogen production using a microwave argon plasma jet

Plasma Catalysis for Hydrogen Production: A Bright Future for Decarbonization

Ammonia as a Carbon-Free Energy Carrier: NH₃ Cracking to H₂

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Instantaneous hydrogen production from ammonia by non-thermal arc plasma combining with catalyst

Cited by 25 publications

References 36 publications

Ammonia cracking for hydrogen production using a microwave argon plasma jet

Ammonia cracking for hydrogen production using a microwave argon plasma jet

Plasma Catalysis for Hydrogen Production: A Bright Future for Decarbonization

Ammonia as a Carbon-Free Energy Carrier: NH3 Cracking to H2

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Ammonia as a Carbon-Free Energy Carrier: NH₃ Cracking to H₂