Instanton effects on chiral symmetry breaking and hadron spectroscopy

Abstract

This project aims to give indications to find monopole and instanton effects in QCD on the observables by experiments. First, we add the monopole and anti-monopole to the QCD vacuum of the quenched SU(3) and calculate the physical observables using the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the overlap Dirac operator that preserves the exact chiral symmetry. We have found that the additional monopole and anti-monopole make the long monopole loops are closely related to the quark confinement without changing the vacuum structure. Furthermore, we have confirmed that the additional monopole and anti-monopole create instantons and anti-instantons are closely associated with the chiral symmetry breaking. We have shown that the chiral condensate (minus value) decreases in direct proportion to the square root of the number density of the instantons and anti-instantons. The decay constants and masses of pion and kaon increase in direct proportion to the one-fourth root of the number density of the instantons and anti-instantons. This report estimates the eta meson mass using these outcomes as the input values, and the eta-prime meson mass is calculated in two ways: (i) Substituting the numerical results of the topological charge and pion decay constant to the Witten and Veneziano mass formula. (ii) Calculating the correlations of the disconnected (hairpin) graphs. The preliminary results of the eta-prime meson mass estimated in the quenched SU(3) are as follows. (i) m ′ = 1.055(15)×10 3 [MeV] (at the continuum limit). (ii) m ′ = 1.04(2)×10 3 [MeV] (at the chiral and continuum limits). Finally, we demonstrate that the eta-prime meson mass becomes heavy with increasing the number density of the instantons and anti-instantons.

Color confinement, chiral symmetry breaking, and catalytic effect induced by monopole and instanton creations

“…Accordingly, we carry out numerical calculations using the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the overlap Dirac operator that preserves the exact chiral symmetry in lattice gauge theory [36][37][38][39][40] and quantitatively demonstrate the monopole and instanton effects in QCD on chiral symmetry breaking and hadrons [41][42][43]. The primary purposes of this study are to inspect the influences of the finite lattice volume and discretization on the observables and quantitative relations that we have obtained in our previous research and to derive the interpolated results at the continuum limit.…”

“…Next, we calculate the intersections a F π P S and am π P S between the curve (42) and the linear functions made using the fitting results of the slope a −1 A P S and intercept a B P S . The normalization factor Z π is determined for each lattice using the intersections of the standard configuration and the experimental outcomes of the pion decay constant (43) or pion mass (44) as follows:…”

“…These quantitative relations indicate that the pion decay constant also increases in direct proportion to the one-fourth root of the number density of the instantons and anti-instantons. Therefore, we provide the following prediction concerning the pion decay constant using the experimental outcome (43):…”

“…We have already presented the preliminary results at international conferences [43,46]. We put some tables relating to this article in a data file [47] and disclose it on "figshare.…”

Chiral symmetry breaking and catalytic effect induced by monopole and instanton creations in QCD

“…We have already presented the preliminary results at the 38th international symposium on lattice field theory [43].…”