Institutional Analysis of the Integration  of Rzeczpospolita Lands in-to the Russian  and Austrian Empires

Барахвостов, П. А.

doi:10.24833/2071-8160-2021-4-79-51-69

Vestnik MGIMO-universiteta

2021

DOI: 10.24833/2071-8160-2021-4-79-51-69

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Institutional Analysis of the Integration of Rzeczpospolita Lands in-to the Russian and Austrian Empires

П. А. Барахвостов

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Cited by 2 publications

References 12 publications

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Formation and evolution of russian frontiers

Барахвостов

2022

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It is shown in the article that the formation of Russian Frontiers was carried out primarily due to the need to ensure the security of the borders. Periods in their evolution are identified and characterized here. It is established that the first stage (the formation of a military frontier) is associated with the construction of fortified lines and the relocation of Cossacks and peasants to the lands fenced by them. The second stage is the registration of the legal status of frontier territories and the establishment of special paramilitary forms of the government. The third stage is characterized, along with the transplantation of redistributive-type institutions that dominated the institutional matrix of Russia to new lands, by the emergence and spread of market institutions here, that caused the spatial heterogeneity of the Russian institutional matrix. The final stage is defrontization, various tools were used to achieve it: improvement of the material and technological environment of acquired territories, embedding them in the general imperial legal field, spreading Orthodoxy and Russian language, economic stimulation of Russian colonization by the state, socialization of local elites and their involvement in the process of managing new lands. At all stages, the evolution of frontier territories was governed by the Russian state, and the policy was based on the principles of dialogue with the autochthonous population. The presence of frontiers hindered the transition from extensive to intensive methods of space exploration, reoriented the empire to a self-sufficient development option, and determined a special, Russian path of modernization.

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Formation and evolution of russian frontiers

Барахвостов

2022

jour

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Friedrich Ratzel’s Law of the Spatial Growth of States in the Situation of the New World Order Formation

Barakhvostov

2023

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In this paper, on the basis of an institutional approach, it is analyzed how fair the “law of expansion” of F. Ratzel is in the current situation of the formation of a new world order. It is shown that in modern conditions the instinct of self-preservation induces social systems not to territorial expansion due to an increase in the occupied geographical space, but to integration in various forms, which is based on a single normative approach to the mechanisms of the functioning of the union. In this sense, integration is a kind of expansion of the space occupied by society. Integration unions can increase, but up to a certain limit (saturation limit), determined not by the boundaries of geographical space, but by the possibility of developing a common position on the main issues of functioning, common norms and practices. As a rule, alliances are not absolutely symmetrical and include the “core” and the periphery of integration. The former include the most economically and politically strong states. At the same time, due to the asymmetry of the unions, the “core” institutions are transplanted to the periphery and there is a bidirectional institutional diffusion, which is due to the desire for institutional convergence, and this facilitates interaction within the union. Thus, “channels” for the institutional expansion of integrable societies are formed within the unions. Transplantation and diffusion of institutions are the mechanisms for the implementation of expansion in modern conditions. It is shown that when integrating social systems in order to mitigate possible institutional imbalances, the action of institutions that are complementary to the dominant ones in the institutional matrix is included: when integrating X-matrix countries - market ones, and vice versa.

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Institutional Analysis of the Integration of Rzeczpospolita Lands in-to the Russian and Austrian Empires

Cited by 2 publications

References 12 publications

Formation and evolution of russian frontiers

Formation and evolution of russian frontiers

Friedrich Ratzel’s Law of the Spatial Growth of States in the Situation of the New World Order Formation

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