Institutional professionalization of lawyers in state-socialism and post-socialism: Poland and Russia compared

Mrowczynski, Rafael

doi:10.1080/09695958.2015.1133421

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The only exception were advokaty , who were organized into quasi‐bar associations known as kollegii . These kollegii decided who to admit, albeit under the watchful eyes of the state and the Communist Party (Huskey ; Mrowczynski ). Advokaty were more independent than any other type of lawyer, but they had well‐established informal limits on their freedom of action and risked disbarment when they overstepped .…”

Section: Reconceptualizing the Russian Legal Professionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nature versus Nurture: A Comparison of Russian Law Graduates Destined for State Service and for Private Practice

Hendley¹

2019

Law & Policy

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This article explores the mind‐set of Russian law students on the cusp of graduation. Drawing on a 2016 survey, the analysis finds that, despite having taken different paths to their degrees, the respondents share a confidence in the Russian courts that distinguishes them from Russians without legal education. Within the sample, a natural division is evident between those who plan to go into state service and those who plan to go into private practice. Aspiring state lawyers are more likely to support the policies of the Putin regime, even when they preference politics over the letter of the law. This strongly suggests that the tendency of judges and state lawyers within the criminal justice system to work as a team to ensure convictions is not solely the result of workplace incentives, as had previously been assumed, but is an element of a worldview that these lawyers share that predates their legal education. Aspiring private lawyers, by contrast, are consistently more skeptical of the state. To the extent that they are later coopted by the state, as studies of criminal defense lawyers suggest, such behavior would likely be the result of a desire to endear themselves to investigators and prosecutors in order to ensure further appointments to represent indigent clients.

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Section: Reconceptualizing the Russian Legal Professionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nature versus Nurture: A Comparison of Russian Law Graduates Destined for State Service and for Private Practice

Hendley¹

2019

Law & Policy

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“…В последние несколько лет социологами неоднократно изучались структура и деятельность различных профессиональных групп юристов, в том числе адвокатов Mrowczynski, 2016;Hendley, 2018]. Однако в таких исследованиях в большинстве случаев недостаточно использовались теоретические ресурсы современной социологии права.…”

Section: òåîðåòè÷åñêèå îñíîâàíèÿ àíàëèçà ïðîöåññà ïðîôåññèîíàëèçàöèè â ïðàâîâîé ñôåðåunclassified

“…Однако превращения адвокатов в оппозиционно настроенную по отношению к государству политическую силу не произошло. В отличие от адвокатов в восточноевропейских странах [Mrowczynski, 2016], в конце 80-х -начале 90-х годов российские адвокаты ограничились борьбой за свои профессиональные интересы, демонстрируя отсутствие политической активности. Следствием нежелания непосредственно участвовать в политической жизни явилось не только ограничение возможности социального использования права, в частности, в сфере борьбы граждан за свои права, но и отсутствие у адвокатов социальной поддержки вне юридического поля.…”

Section: òðàíñôîðìàöèÿ èíñòèòóòà àäâîêàòóðû â ïåðèîä ïåðåñòðîéêèunclassified

Transformation of the Institute of advocacy and processes of legal professionalization in post-Soviet Russia

Maslovskaya

2019

Telescope: Journal of Sociological and Marketing Research

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The article analyzes from the perspective of the theory of juridical field the process of institutional professionalization of advocates in post-Soviet Russia. The author makes a conclusion that the emergence of new institutional and individual actors of the juridical field fascilitated the formation of various interests and approaches to delivery of juridical services. In spite of the formation in the early 2000s of a single organizational structure of the advocates’ community this community remains divided and stratified. In some aspects of their activities the advocates try to defend their professional autonomy. Nevertheless, in the situation of internal conflicts the Soviet-style model of interaction between the Bar and the state is actualized. Juridical professionalization of organizations defending the rights of vulnerable groups is regarded as structured by unequal access to material and symbolic resources. Special attention is devoted by the author to formation in such organizations of an alternative form of professionalization of human rights lawyers with the potential to change their juridical habitus and create a specific identity that combines elements of human rights activism and legal professionalism.

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“…This article contributes to the body of knowledge on gender inequality in the profession of attorney in Poland, with insights into the ways in which women attorneys make sense of their differential opportunity structures. The topic is specifically relevant today because of the intensification of competition in the Polish labour market for legal services, which is due, among other things, to the rising number of attorneys and the vanishing of jurisdictional differences between attorneys and legal counsels⁵ (Mrowczynski 2016). Not only have legal counsels broadened their scope of legal jurisdiction, but attorneys are also increasingly providing legal services to corporate clients (Fuszara 2005).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the key contribution is the insight into the shared, albeit varied, reality of female attorneys' ⁵ One of the remnants of the socialist past is the division of the Polish legal profession into two self-regulated professions: attorneys (adwokaci) and legal counsels (radcy prawni). Originally, attorneys were licensed private-practice lawyers who provided legal services to individual clients, and legal counsels, as a professional group, were established during the communist dictatorship to work exclusively in state organizations (Mrowczynski 2016;Fuszara 2005).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Women’s Sense-making of Opportunity Structures in the Profession of Attorney in Poland

Choroszewicz

2018

kis

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The article examines the ways in which women make sense of the opportunity structures in which they operate as female attorneys in Poland. The study applies Joan Acker’s theory of gendered organization and a narrative approach to the analysis of interview data with 15 Polish female attorneys who practice law and are members of the Warsaw Chamber of the Bar. These women are pursuing their careers in a highly competitive and still male-dominated profession. The results demonstrate the continuing struggle of women to reconcile the often conflicting expectations and roles of professional and personal lives. The findings point towards four gendering processes that venture from the structure of the profession of attorney in Poland: professionally committed women are not limited by their family life; women need to invest more in activities that attract new clients; male attorneys are attributed greater authority; and women are more empathic. These processes sustain gender inequalities in the profession of attorney as they carry expectations of women to adapt to the existing professional structures in order to access more equal career opportunities. However, by making sense of the shared experiences of work-life conflict and of the feminine/masculine dichotomy, women exert agency to their claims to professional expertise.

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Institutional professionalization of lawyers in state-socialism and post-socialism: Poland and Russia compared

Cited by 9 publications

References 19 publications

Nature versus Nurture: A Comparison of Russian Law Graduates Destined for State Service and for Private Practice

Nature versus Nurture: A Comparison of Russian Law Graduates Destined for State Service and for Private Practice

Transformation of the Institute of advocacy and processes of legal professionalization in post-Soviet Russia

Women’s Sense-making of Opportunity Structures in the Profession of Attorney in Poland

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