“…• Port selection and shipping line concentration Charlier (1998), Wang and Slack (2000), Notteboom (2005), Fremont and Soppe (2007) • Port selection, flexibility and accessibility Notteboom (2009), Notteboom (2010), Ducruet and Zaidi (2012) • Port competition and urban growth De and Park (2003), Ducruet and Lee (2006) • Port competition, changing port hierarchy Ducruet et al (2009b), Lee and Kim (2009), , Wang and Cullinane (2014), Fraser et al (2016), Pham et al (2016) • National/government and regional development plans Brunt (2000), Ducruet (2008) • Government plans and policy, Port Devolution Ducruet et al (2009b), Lemarchand and Joly (2009), Sh inohara (2009), Parola et al (2013), Wilms meier and Monios (2016) Source: Author, modified and updated from Ducruet et al (2009b) Ports, peripherality and concentration deconcentration factors and how these factors emerge in certain periods across the three time periods 1970-1990, 1990-2008 and post-2008.…”