“…Institutional investors are classified into three main groups: DIs (including insurance companies, mutual funds, commercial banks, and other investment companies), qualified FI investors (including offshore and onshore FI investors), and SDs. We examine each kind of institutional trading around price manipulation events by replicating all methodologies applied by Hung (
2014) and Thu Luu and Duong Dang (
2023). Specifically, we examine NTV :
where, Buy volume i, k, t (Sell volume i, k, t ) is the cumulative amount for institution k of stock i on Day t .…”