Institutionalisation of tourism research and education: from the early 1900s to 2000s

The origins of academic work on tourism: a European perspective

“…This phenomenon, which is clearly visible in the predominance of English in contemporary research publications, has already been identified and critically described by both English-speaking academics and those coming from regions where other languages are spoken (e.g. Butowski, Kaczmarek, Kowalczyk-Anioł, Szafrańska, 2019;Chambers, Buzinde, 2015;Hall, 2004;Kozak, Kozak, 2016;McKercher, 2002;Wijesinghe, Mura, Bouchon, 2017). However, the detailed results of the retrospective analysis presented here by the author clearly indicate that the beginnings of tourism studies should be sought in the countries of continental Europe outside the Englishspeaking area.…”

“…This can be seen by the fact that it has been relatively rarely attempted in a comprehensive way, and authors dealing with this issue, e.g. Vukonic (2012), Jafari and Xiao (2016) or Kozak and Kozak (2016), are few. Naturally, first we should ask about the purpose of such retrospective analysis.…”

“…Perhaps, an even more important move, due to which the author's results do not always confirm earlier findings (cf. Kozak, Kozak, 2016) especially with regard to early tourism studies, is his intentional stepping outside of the contemporary mainstream. They are typically presented in English and one of the negative effects is the fact that source investigations -so important for historical analysis -are limited to this particular language.…”

Prof.Dr. Hasan Olalı Turizm Sempozyumu

“…Turizm eğitiminin ise İkinci Dünya Savaşı döneminden itibaren ilgi görmeye başladığını söylemek mümkündür. Almanya, Avusturya ve İsviçre gibi ülkelerin öncülüğünde oluşan Alman ekolü başı çekmiştir (Kozak ve Kozak 2017). Bu gelişmelere paralel ama dönem olarak farklılık gösteren Türkiye'de ise turizm sektörünün, esas itibariyle 1980'li yıllardan sonra, hızlı bir gelişme gösterdiği görülmektedir.…”

Driving force analysis of East European students to study tourism and hospitality in the U.K.

“…Tourism emerged as a field of academic research and education during the Interwar years when it was necessary to rebuild cities and infrastructure decimated by conflict. Regimes from across the political spectrum utilised tourism for various ideological and economic ends (Kozak & Kozak, 2017). Tourism was introduced as a subject by European Universities in the 1930s (Faulkner, 2003;Ruhanen & McLennan, 2010) and the economic importance of the industry has created ever increasing demand for skilled and qualified human resources in the labour market, thus convincing both government and education providers to offer it as a part of wider programmes at various levels.…”