Institutionalised cooperation and policy convergence in European defence: lessons from the relations between France, Germany and the UK

Pannier, Alice; Schmitt, Olivier

doi:10.1080/09662839.2014.884073

Cited by 25 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The next year, at the 2010 Franco‐British summit, the two leaders deliberately put aside the EU's CSDP to focus squarely on their bilateral identity (Menon, , p. 88). With the Lancaster House treaties, they signalled a focus on military capabilities, joint training and readiness for expeditionary warfare (Pannier and Schmitt, ). In a climate of decreasing defence budgets the objective was to make sure that French and British militaries would remain relevant globally.…”

Section: The St Malo Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Search of Lost Time: Memory‐framing, Bilateral Identity‐making, and European Security

Hofmann

Mérand

2020

J of Common Market Studies

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Bilateral relations between France and either Germany or the UK are the backbone of European security and defence cooperation. From a strategic and cultural point of view, these relations are not self‐evident. In this article, we track the memory‐framing processes accompanying the creation of major bilateral initiatives. Leaders such as Adenauer and De Gaulle, Mitterrand and Kohl, Blair and Chirac, and Sarkozy and Cameron imagined bilateral communities of fate informed by mutually understandable historical memories: the World Wars for the Franco‐German relationship and the Empire for the Franco‐British relationship. Based on these memory frames, Franco‐German identity undergirds a policy‐based integration of core state powers while Franco‐British identity informs capacity‐building and force projection (a resource‐based integration). These bilateral identities led to earmarking national military forces for common purposes and intertwined defence industries. In some cases, they also provided an impetus for EU cooperation in the context of the Common Foreign and Security Policy or the Common Security and Defence Policy.

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Section: The St Malo Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Search of Lost Time: Memory‐framing, Bilateral Identity‐making, and European Security

Hofmann

Mérand

2020

J of Common Market Studies

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“…Coticchia and Moro (2016) reveal different results in the case of Italy because NATO has played a very significant role, both as preferred source of doctrinal innovation and as broad framework of emulation and 'learning by doing together'. 4 Also, Pannier and Schmitt (2014) illustrate the institutionalized cooperation and the emulation occurred in France, Germany and the UK due to the influence of NATO. Hardt (2017) focuses on the origins of institutional memory, investigating the role played by NATO elites.…”

Section: Force Transformation In Comparative Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Through military lenses. Perception of security threats and jointness in the Italian Air Force

2018

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The article explores Italian Air Force (ITAF) officers' perceptions of military transformation and of changes in the global security environment. While several studies have addressed the challenges faced by European armed forces in the last two decades, the methods used have been rather uniform, mostly relying on in-depth case studies through qualitative interviews and analysis of strategic documents and budgets. Using data from an original, and unique, survey conducted among ITAF captains (N=286), this article focuses on servicemen's attitudes towards the transformations of the global security environment and the changes occurring (and needed) within the Italian Air Force. After describing the "military view" on these topics, the article provides preliminary statistical evidence on the links between individual experiences, views, and change. The research aims to contribute to the broader debate on military transformation by adding a novel dimension of analysis and providing new insights on the micro-level aspects of learning.

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“…34 Also, with multinational interventions becoming the new trend for Western states through a combination of normative pressures towards multilateralism and budgetary constraints, 35 the French armed forces had to learn how to cooperate with their partners, which highlighted the differences in strategic cultures, 36 the possibility of reform, 37 but also the potential for convergence with the armed forces of like-minded countries. 38 The nuclear order was also challenged, with new actors threatening traditional deterrence from the outside (by developing new capabilities including nuclear capabilities in some cases), or from below (by conducting actions below the threshold of triggering nuclear reactions). 39 Yet, despite the amplitude of the transformation of the international system, the seduction of 'autonomy' as an objective per se means that any change in the French security policy is judged according to the threshold of a romanticized Gaullism, which serves as a rhetorical resource to shame policies actors disagree with.…”

Section: French Exceptionalism After the Cold Warmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Reluctant Atlanticist: France’s Security and Defence Policy in a Transatlantic Context

Schmitt

2016

Journal of Strategic Studies

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This article introduces the key tenets of French foreign and security policy during the Cold War, and illustrates the deep challenges to the French consensus raised by the emergence of a unipolar system. There is a growing gap between the rhetoric of French security policy, emphasizing 'autonomy' and 'sovereignty' out of habit from the Cold War, and the actual security practices showing a gradual embedding within the transatlantic security structures. In the absence of a new transpartisan grand narrative relevant for the contemporary international system, such embedding is easily portrayed in France as a 'treason' from a romanticized Gaullist foreign policy.

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Institutionalised cooperation and policy convergence in European defence: lessons from the relations between France, Germany and the UK

Cited by 25 publications

References 25 publications

In Search of Lost Time: Memory‐framing, Bilateral Identity‐making, and European Security

In Search of Lost Time: Memory‐framing, Bilateral Identity‐making, and European Security

Through military lenses. Perception of security threats and jointness in the Italian Air Force

The Reluctant Atlanticist: France’s Security and Defence Policy in a Transatlantic Context

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