Institutions and female entrepreneurship

Estrin, Saul; Mickiewicz, Tomasz

doi:10.1007/s11187-011-9373-0

Cited by 288 publications

(281 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…First, our work builds upon prior studies of gender differences in entrepreneurship (e.g., Estrin and Mickiewicz 2011). Parker (2009) and Klapper and Parker (2011) offer a comprehensive review of this literature and appropriate references.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local industrial structures and female entrepreneurship in India

Ghani¹,

Kerr

O’Connell

2013

Journal of Economic Geography

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Abstract:We analyze the spatial determinants of female entrepreneurship in India in the manufacturing and services sectors. We focus on the presence of incumbent female-owned businesses and their role in promoting higher subsequent female entrepreneurship relative to male entrepreneurship. We find evidence of agglomeration economies in both sectors, where higher female ownership among incumbent businesses within a district-industry predicts that a greater share of subsequent entrepreneurs will be female. Moreover, higher female ownership of local businesses in related industries (e.g., those sharing similar labor needs, industries related via input-output markets) predict greater relative female entry rates even after controlling for the focal district-industry's conditions. The core patterns hold when using local industrial conditions in 1994 to instrument for incumbent conditions in 2000 and 2005. The results highlight that the traits of business owners in incumbent industrial structures influence the types of entrepreneurs supported.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local industrial structures and female entrepreneurship in India

Ghani¹,

Kerr

O’Connell

2013

Journal of Economic Geography

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“…Because we use two levels of analysis, data are analyzed using hierarchical linear modeling methods (Autio and Wennberg 2010;Autio et al 2013;Bosma and Sternberg 2014;Estrin and Mickiewicz 2011;Estrin et al 2013;Stuetzer et al 2014). We do not employ standard multivariate methods because they would preclude our assuming the independence of observations (Autio and Wennberg 2010;Hofmann et al 2000).…”

Section: Methodological Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of entrepreneurs’ social referents on start-up size

2017

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This paper uses social comparison theory to explore the effect that the average size of established businesses at the regional (provincial) level may have on start-up size. It is argued that established entrepreneurs at the regional level become referents of new entrepreneurs, influencing not only the decision to become entrepreneurs but also the characteristics of the new venture, such as its initial size. Specifically, the greater the average size of established businesses at the provincial level, the bigger the start-up size of new ventures. This paper further considers how this effect is moderated by two key individual level variables: knowing an entrepreneur personally (i.e., close social referent), and being the owner and manager of an existing business (i.e., past entrepreneurial and managerial experience). Predictions are tested using data that combine individual-and provincial-level information in Spain over the period [2008][2009][2010][2011][2012][2013][2014]. The results show the positive relationship of the average size of established businesses on new venture start-up size, and that this effect decreases when the entrepreneurs have previous entrepreneurial experience.

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“…The size of the public sector has a significant impact on entrepreneurship rates for both sexes, but the negative effects are more highly visible on female entrepreneurship. Furthermore, some restrictions in relation to the female freedom of movement contribute negatively to the aspiration of women to take care of business (Estrin and Mickiewicz, 2011).…”

Section: Entrepreneurshipmentioning

confidence: 99%

ICT-based Innovation and Employability for Women

Pappas¹,

Papagerasimou²,

Drigas³

et al. 2017

Int. J. Eng. Ped.

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Abstract!The utilization of ICTs in creating new jobs and eliminating gender based inequalities in employability and entrepreneurship, employs increasingly more researchers, governments and organizations around the world. In this article we analyze the current situation regarding the impact of ICTs, social networks and media on creating new opportunities for the employability of women. We also present the new market requirements, the new e-skills that will be acquired by women in order to take advantage of new labor market opportunities. Finally special reference is made to new trends in women's entrepreneurship as well as the supportive role of ICTs.

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Institutions and female entrepreneurship

Abstract: This paper compares the impact of institutions on men and women'

Cited by 288 publications

References 41 publications

Local industrial structures and female entrepreneurship in India

Local industrial structures and female entrepreneurship in India

The influence of entrepreneurs’ social referents on start-up size

ICT-based Innovation and Employability for Women

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