“…Evidence of club convergence in the 'old' EU member states has been obtained widely (see, inter alia, Canova, 2004;Corrado et al, 2005;Fischer and Stirbock, 2006;Dall'erba et al, 2008), while more recent contributions highlight the role of spatial processes (proximity, concentration), both for club-formation (spatial heterogeneity) and for the overall speed of convergence (see, for example, Lopez-Bazo et al, 2004;Ertur et al, 2006;Egger and Pfaffermayr, 2006;Arbia et al, 2008;Rey and Le Gallo, 2009;Arbia et al, 2010 -see also the discussion in Fingleton and Lopez-Bazo, 2006). The importance of spatial processes has been also analysed in empirical studies employing the Verdoorn Law equation.…”