“…In the content areas of the curriculum, such as science and mathematics, researchers have found that vocabulary knowledge is associated with increased achievement and that vocabulary deficits often serve as a barrier to learning (Baumann, Kame’enui, & Ash, 2003; Sáenz & Fuchs, 2002). Science curricula, in particular, are replete with technical vocabulary terms and concepts that impact students’ understanding of texts and instruction (Bryant, Ugel, Thompson, & Hamff, 1999; Sáenz & Fuchs, 2002) and potentially prohibit equitable access to higher level tasks and processes (Elleman, Lindo, Morphy, & Compton, 2009; Yore, Hand, & Florence, 2004). Yet, this problem presents a fruitful opportunity for science teachers to structure learning experiences through the use of explicit vocabulary instruction (Archer & Hughes, 2011).…”