Instructions for masking the taste of medication for children

Vaillancourt, Régis; Truong, Yen Bach; Karmali, Shazya; Kraft, Amanda; Manji, Selina; Villarreal, Gilda; Pouliot, Annie

doi:10.1177/1715163516669383

Cited by 11 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Van Beusekom et al proved that low-literate populations would benefit most from the use of pictograms, but only if pictograms are properly prepared and validated 16. It should be noted that our pictograms were validated in line with rigorous methodology, among others, that is described by Vaillancourt et al17. Previous studies have proved that pictograms are well-understood by patients, even if patients have some personal preferences, for instance, insisting on the use of graphics with explanatory texts to achieve greater readability and avoiding possible misunderstanding.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

<p>Patients’ Perspective And Usefulness Of Pictograms In Short-Term Antibiotic Therapy – Multicenter, Randomized Trial</p>

Merks¹,

Świeczkowski²,

Balcerzak³

et al. 2019

PPA

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PurposeTo evaluate the practical utility of pharmaceutical pictograms in routine practice in community pharmacy. The primary outcome (composite endpoint) consisted of three elements: i) complete use of the whole package of medication, ii) taking the recommended dose twice a day, and iii) subjective assessment of patients’ perspective on medical information about antibiotic therapy obtained during the pharmacy consultation measured by Net Promoter Score in scale from 1 to 10 where 1 is the lowest and 10 the highest possible rating.Patients and methodsA multicenter, randomized controlled study was conducted. Community pharmacies (n = 64) which agreed to participate in the study were assigned to one of two groups: i) study – providing an antibiotic with pictograms placed on the external packaging of the medicinal product containing information about drug regimen (n = 32); or ii) control – providing an antibiotic according to usual pharmacy practice (n = 32). Two semi-structured interviews were performed. Data were collected from 199 patients with a mean age ± SD of 45.5 ± 17.0 years.ResultsIn the control group, 15.7% of participants discontinued therapy before using the whole package compared with 13.4% of participants in the study group. In the control group, 81.3% of patients reported that they always took the medication twice a day as recommended by their healthcare providers compared with 80.4% of patients in the study group. The Net Promoter Score was higher for pharmacy practice with than without pictograms (71.3% vs 51.5%, respectively, p<0.005). The chance that a patient was an advocate of pharmaceutical services (scores 9 and 10) was twice as likely in the case of pharmaceutical practice supported by pictograms (p<0.02). The composite endpoint was achieved more frequently in the population using pictograms, however this difference was not statistically significant (p<0.34).ConclusionThe pharmaceutical pictograms are readily accepted by patients and could prove to be a valuable support for pharmacists in conducting pharmaceutical care. Further representative research is needed to evaluate the true effectiveness of this solution.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

<p>Patients’ Perspective And Usefulness Of Pictograms In Short-Term Antibiotic Therapy – Multicenter, Randomized Trial</p>

Merks¹,

Świeczkowski²,

Balcerzak³

et al. 2019

PPA

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“…On average, the investigating the validation of picture-based materials. [23][24][25] The data collection involved recording the interviews. The recorded audio material served as the primary basis for the subsequent analysis.…”

Section: Pictograms and Video Clips And Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The term 'transparency' is used to describe how easily the meaning or significance of an image can be assessed by a participant when the meaning or significance is not already known to them. [23][24][25] On the other hand, 'translucency' investigates the degree to which the image and its intended meaning are strongly associated. [23][24][25] After presenting each pictogram, transparency was investigated by asking participants the following questions: (1) 'What do you think this pictogram means?'…”

Section: Phase 1: Assessment Of Comprehensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[23][24][25] On the other hand, 'translucency' investigates the degree to which the image and its intended meaning are strongly associated. [23][24][25] After presenting each pictogram, transparency was investigated by asking participants the following questions: (1) 'What do you think this pictogram means?' and 2) 'When you look at this pictogram what action should you undertake?'.…”

Section: Phase 1: Assessment Of Comprehensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Design and validation of pictograms and educational video clips to improve the knowledge of skin care and protection: Comprehension and recall among professional hospital cleaners

Sedeh,

Michaelsdóttir,

Mortensen

et al. 2023

Contact Dermatitis

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IntroductionInsufficient knowledge about protection and care of the skin among Danish hospital cleaners, particularly immigrant cleaners, is guessed to be a widespread issue that can increase the likelihood of them developing occupational hand eczema (OHE). This study aimed to design and validate 10 pictograms and 10 short video clips showing recommendations for skin care that would help prevent OHE among professional cleaners.MethodsTen pictograms and 10 short, educational video clips, based on standard, recommended information were developed in collaboration with a medical illustrator and a video director. The materials were validated in a two‐step process that included bus drivers (primary validation) and professional cleaners (secondary validation).ResultsDuring the primary validation, 5 of the 10 pictograms (50%) were comprehended correctly by at least 85%. Those that were misinterpreted, were modified and retested several times until they were understood correctly by at least 85%. During the secondary validation, all 10 pictograms achieved acceptable levels of comprehension among professional cleaners. All the video clips were comprehended correctly by both bus drivers and cleaners.ConclusionTen easy‐to‐understand pictograms and 10 educational video clips for cleaners about the prevention of OHE have been designed and validated.

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“…First, and most important to ensuring best practices are being followed, is the rigorous and time consuming process of designing new pictograms. Pictograms must go through a systematic design process, whereby images are piloted and tested on scales of transparency (or “guessability of meaning”) and translucency (“agreeability of intended meaning”), each of which contribute to independent elements that come together to determine the overall comprehensibility of the pictogram ( Vaillancourt et al, 2017 ), which can also be evaluated with open choice face-to-face methods ( Mansoor and Dowse, 2003 ). It is important to note that there are differences in patient populations to consider (e.g., education, beliefs, attitudes, etc . )…”

Section: What Is a Pictogram?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Medication Adherence and the Role of Pictograms in Medication Counselling of Chronic Patients: a Review

et al. 2021

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Pharmaceutical care requires a patient-centered approach, focusing on the ability of patients to understand drug-related information and follow the instructions delivered by pharmacists as well as other health-care providers included in the circle of care. With the goal of ensuring the prescribed use of medications, called medication adherence, health-care providers have to consider many risk factors such as geography (culture), social economic status, age, and low literacy that may predispose patients to non-adherence, and considerations have to be made for chronic patients living with life-long disease states. The aim of this review is to provide a balanced and comprehensive review outlining a number of different medication counselling and education approaches that have been used to try to improve medication adherence and health outcomes with the use of clear and concise graphic illustrations—called pictograms. By highlighting the current landscape of the general use and efficacy of pharmaceutical pictograms to aid in the knowledge and recall of drug-related information, as well as outlining specific medication adherence outcomes with pharmaceutical pictograms in chronic patients, the current review describes the need for health-care providers to move beyond the traditional didactic methods of oral and verbal communication with patients regarding medication-taking behavior.

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Instructions for masking the taste of medication for children

Abstract: The addition of validated illustrations to pharmaceutical labels can be useful to instruct on how to mask the taste of medication in certain populations. Further studies are needed to assess the clinical impact of providing illustrated information to populations with low health literacy.

Cited by 11 publications

References 23 publications

<p>Patients’ Perspective And Usefulness Of Pictograms In Short-Term Antibiotic Therapy – Multicenter, Randomized Trial</p>

<p>Patients’ Perspective And Usefulness Of Pictograms In Short-Term Antibiotic Therapy – Multicenter, Randomized Trial</p>

Design and validation of pictograms and educational video clips to improve the knowledge of skin care and protection: Comprehension and recall among professional hospital cleaners

Medication Adherence and the Role of Pictograms in Medication Counselling of Chronic Patients: a Review

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