Instructive reconstruction: A new role for apoptosis in pattern formation

Duffy, David J.

doi:10.1002/bies.201200018

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Apoptotic cells may be involved in the proliferation induction also during A. cavernicola body wall regeneration, as numerous DNA‐synthesizing cells appears in the blastema only after the first apoptotic wave, at 24 hpo. These observations illustrate a novel active instructing role of apoptosis in morphogenetic processes, in contrast to its canonical passive role as a destructive agent (Duffy, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Transdifferentiation and mesenchymal‐to‐epithelial transition during regeneration in Demospongiae (Porifera)

et al. 2019

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Origin and early evolution of regeneration mechanisms remain among the most pressing questions in animal regeneration biology. Porifera have exceptional regenerative capacities and, as early Metazoan lineage, are a promising model for studying evolutionary aspects of regeneration. Here, we focus on reparative regeneration of the body wall in the Mediterranean demosponge Aplysina cavernicola. The epithelialization of the wound surface is completed within 2 days, and the wound is completely healed within 2 weeks. The regeneration is accompanied with the formation of a mass of undifferentiated cells (blastema), which consists of archaeocytes, dedifferentiated choanocytes, anucleated amoebocytes, and differentiated spherulous cells. The main mechanisms of A. cavernicola regeneration are cell dedifferentiation with active migration and subsequent redifferentiation or transdifferentiation of polypotent cells through the mesenchymal‐to‐epithelial transformation. The main cell sources of the regeneration are archaeocytes and choanocytes. At early stages of the regeneration, the blastema almost devoid of cell proliferation, but after 24 hr postoperation (hpo) and up to 72 hpo numerous DNA‐synthesizing cells appear there. In contrast to intact tissues, where vast majority of DNA‐synthesizing cells are choanocytes, all 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine‐labeled cells in the blastema are mesohyl cells. Intact tissues, distant from the wound, retains intact level of cell proliferation during whole regeneration process. For the first time, the apoptosis was studied during the regeneration of sponges. Two waves of apoptosis were detected during A. cavernicola regeneration: The first wave at 6–12 hpo and the second wave at 48–72 hpo.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Transdifferentiation and mesenchymal‐to‐epithelial transition during regeneration in Demospongiae (Porifera)

et al. 2019

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“…RNAi was performed as previously described ( Duffy et al, 2010 ; Millane et al, 2011 ; Duffy, 2012 ). Templates for RNA synthesis were generated by PCR (see oligonucleotide list on Table 1 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…( Figure 5—figure supplement 2 ). One-cell stage embryos were microinjected with 200 pl volume of the plasmid at a concentration of 4–5 μg/μl as previously described ( Künzel et al, 2010 ; Millane et al, 2011 ; Duffy, 2012 ; Kanska and Frank, 2013 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct mechanisms underlie oral vs aboral regeneration in the cnidarian Hydractinia echinata

Bradshaw

Thompson

Frank

2015

eLife

132

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Cnidarians possess remarkable powers of regeneration, but the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying this capability are unclear. Studying the hydrozoan Hydractinia echinata we show that a burst of stem cell proliferation occurs following decapitation, forming a blastema at the oral pole within 24 hr. This process is necessary for head regeneration. Knocking down Piwi1, Vasa, Pl10 or Ncol1 expressed by blastema cells inhibited regeneration but not blastema formation. EdU pulse-chase experiments and in vivo tracking of individual transgenic Piwi1+ stem cells showed that the cellular source for blastema formation is migration of stem cells from a remote area. Surprisingly, no blastema developed at the aboral pole after stolon removal. Instead, polyps transformed into stolons and then budded polyps. Hence, distinct mechanisms act to regenerate different body parts in Hydractinia. This model, where stem cell behavior can be monitored in vivo at single cell resolution, offers new insights for regenerative biology.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.05506.001

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“…In Clytia larvae, functional studies involving morpholino and mRNA injection into the egg have shown that axis formation is initiated by maternal mRNAs coding for the ligand Wnt3 (Figure 3a, b), and for two Frizzled family receptors [73,74] Hydractinia have addressed the dramatic metamorphosis that transforms the planula into the polyp, and notably the extensive caspase dependent apoptosis at the oral pole during metamorphosis [79][80][81][82]. This apoptosis is essential for the formation of the primary polyp [83], playing a constructive role [81,84] as it does during regeneration in Hydra [85]. Interestingly, Wnt5a expressing cells at the oral pole of Hydractinia larvae appear to be protected from apoptosis during metamorphosis [71].…”

Section: Body Axis Evolution and Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrozoan insights in animal development and evolution

Leclère

Copley

Momose

et al. 2016

Current Opinion in Genetics & Development

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The fresh water polyp Hydra provides textbook experimental demonstration of positional information gradients and regeneration processes. Developmental biologists are thus familiar with Hydra, but may not appreciate that it is a relatively simple member of the Hydrozoa, a group of mostly marine cnidarians with complex and diverse life cycles, exhibiting extensive phenotypic plasticity and regenerative capabilities. Hydrozoan species offer extensive opportunities to address many developmental mechanisms relevant across the animal kingdom. Here we review recent work from non-Hydra hydrozoans - hydromedusae, hydroids and siphonophores - shedding light on mechanisms of oogenesis, embryonic patterning, allorecognition, stem cell regulation and regeneration. We also highlight potential research directions in which hydrozoan diversity can illuminate the evolution of developmental processes at micro- and macro-evolutionary time scales.

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Instructive reconstruction: A new role for apoptosis in pattern formation

Cited by 7 publications

References 30 publications

Transdifferentiation and mesenchymal‐to‐epithelial transition during regeneration in Demospongiae (Porifera)

Transdifferentiation and mesenchymal‐to‐epithelial transition during regeneration in Demospongiae (Porifera)

Distinct mechanisms underlie oral vs aboral regeneration in the cnidarian Hydractinia echinata

Hydrozoan insights in animal development and evolution

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