“…The conventional methods to measure the crispness of apples are destructive sensory evaluation and contact acoustic detection (Belie, Smedt, & Baerdemaeker, 2000; Demattè et al, 2014; Piazza & Giovenzana, 2015; Zdunek, Konopacka, & Jesionkowska, 2010). In recent years, firmness, as an important quality attribute of apple fruits, has been widely determined (Jamshidi, Arefi, & Minaei, 2017).…”