Instrumental analytical tools for mycobacteria characterisation

Abstract

Mycobacteria in drinking water and in the water of swimming pools, whirlpools, hydrotherapy facilities and aquaria contribute significantly to human exposure to triggers of immune regulated chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Technological elements of water distribution systems, especially their inner surface, taps, shower heads and blind spots where sediments settle, affect the number of mycobacteria in the water. The review presents the possibilities of using analytical instruments for rapid determination of mycobacteria and for their typing as an alternative to classical culture and a method of monitoring specific nucleic acid sequences by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Information about the use of flow cytometry (FCM), matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) spectrometry, Raman and infrared (IR) spectroscopy and biosensors are presented.

Diagnostic advancements: Isolating Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis and unveiling its molecular identity with nested-PCR

“…Although the IS900 sequence is widely used to identify bacteria due to its high specificity and sensitivity and the large number of its copies [10,21], in some cases, the application of the IS900 marker alone can lead to incorrect results in some cases [22,23]. As a result, P91/P90 [24] and AV1/AV2 [25], primers were employed in this study to confirm the isolates.…”

Neglected Facts on Mycobacterium Avium Subspecies Paratuberculosis and Type 1 Diabetes

“…Certain recommendations and orders will need to be included in technical standards and regulations to ensure occupational safety health, food safety and consumer protection. For the semi-quantitative determination of NTM, methods that allow processing of a large number of samples as well as equipment for on-site inspection (care-of-point) based on biosensors are needed [ 89 ].…”